Matrice adjointeEn algèbre linéaire, une matrice adjointe (aussi appelée matrice transconjuguée) d'une matrice M à coefficients complexes est la matrice transposée de la matrice conjuguée de M. Dans le cas particulier où M est à coefficients réels, sa matrice adjointe est donc simplement sa matrice transposée.
Cycles and fixed pointsIn mathematics, the cycles of a permutation pi of a finite set S correspond bijectively to the orbits of the subgroup generated by pi acting on S. These orbits are subsets of S that can be written as , such that pi(ci) = ci + 1 for i = 1, ..., n − 1, and pi(cn) = c1. The corresponding cycle of pi is written as ( c1 c2 ... cn ); this expression is not unique since c1 can be chosen to be any element of the orbit. The size n of the orbit is called the length of the corresponding cycle; when n = 1, the single element in the orbit is called a fixed point of the permutation.
