Indefinite orthogonal groupIn mathematics, the indefinite orthogonal group, O(p, q) is the Lie group of all linear transformations of an n-dimensional real vector space that leave invariant a nondegenerate, symmetric bilinear form of signature (p, q), where n = p + q. It is also called the pseudo-orthogonal group or generalized orthogonal group. The dimension of the group is n(n − 1)/2. The indefinite special orthogonal group, SO(p, q) is the subgroup of O(p, q) consisting of all elements with determinant 1.
Generalizations of the derivativeIn mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental construction of differential calculus and admits many possible generalizations within the fields of mathematical analysis, combinatorics, algebra, geometry, etc. The Fréchet derivative defines the derivative for general normed vector spaces . Briefly, a function , an open subset of , is called Fréchet differentiable at if there exists a bounded linear operator such that Functions are defined as being differentiable in some open neighbourhood of , rather than at individual points, as not doing so tends to lead to many pathological counterexamples.
Enseignement des mathématiquesL'enseignement des mathématiques vise à transmettre des compétences en mathématiques, le plus souvent en expliquant et en appliquant des méthodes scientifiques. Cet enseignement a fait l'objet de nombreux débats dans les sociétés modernes. vignette|Calcul mental. Dans l'école populaire de S. A. Ratchinski, peinture de Nikolaï Bogdanov-Belski, Russie, 1895. vignette|Garçon devant un tableau noir, Guinée-Bissau, 1974. Les mathématiques élémentaires font partie des programmes scolaires depuis les plus anciennes civilisations, dont la Grèce antique, l'Empire romain et l'Égypte ancienne.
