Analyse EarleyEn théorie des langages, l'algorithme d'Earley est un algorithme d'analyse syntaxique pour les grammaires non contextuelles décrit pour la première fois par Jay Earley. À l'instar des algorithmes CYK et GLR, l'algorithme d'Earley calcule toutes les analyses possibles d'une phrase (et pas seulement une de ces analyses). Il repose sur de la programmation dynamique. On peut construire un analyseur Earley pour toute grammaire non contextuelle. Il s'exécute en temps cubique (O (n3), où n est la longueur de la chaîne d'entrée).
Événement (espace-temps)En physique, un événement – ou évènement – est un point de l'espace-temps, correspondant à un certain lieu à un certain instant. Par rapport à la signification courante du mot événement, l'événement physique définit la position et la date de l'évènement ordinaire, sans fournir d'information sur la nature de cet évènement ordinaire. vignette|En relativité restreinte, dans un référentiel inertiel donné, l'observateur mesure les événements par rapport à un réseau infini d'horloges synchronisées.
Hash joinThe hash join is an example of a join algorithm and is used in the implementation of a relational database management system. All variants of hash join algorithms involve building hash tables from the tuples of one or both of the joined relations, and subsequently probing those tables so that only tuples with the same hash code need to be compared for equality in equijoins. Hash joins are typically more efficient than nested loops joins, except when the probe side of the join is very small.
Streaming televisionStreaming television is the digital distribution of television content, such as television shows and films, as streaming media delivered over the Internet. Streaming television stands in contrast to dedicated terrestrial television delivered by over-the-air aerial systems, cable television, and/or satellite television systems.
Adaptive bitrate streamingAdaptive bitrate streaming is a technique used in streaming multimedia over computer networks. While in the past most video or audio streaming technologies utilized streaming protocols such as RTP with RTSP, today's adaptive streaming technologies are based almost exclusively on HTTP, and are designed to work efficiently over large distributed HTTP networks. Adaptive bitrate streaming works by detecting a user's bandwidth and CPU capacity in real time, adjusting the quality of the media stream accordingly.
Sort-merge joinThe sort-merge join (also known as merge join) is a join algorithm and is used in the implementation of a relational database management system. The basic problem of a join algorithm is to find, for each distinct value of the join attribute, the set of tuples in each relation which display that value. The key idea of the sort-merge algorithm is to first sort the relations by the join attribute, so that interleaved linear scans will encounter these sets at the same time.
Shift-reduce parserA shift-reduce parser is a class of efficient, table-driven bottom-up parsing methods for computer languages and other notations formally defined by a grammar. The parsing methods most commonly used for parsing programming languages, LR parsing and its variations, are shift-reduce methods. The precedence parsers used before the invention of LR parsing are also shift-reduce methods. All shift-reduce parsers have similar outward effects, in the incremental order in which they build a parse tree or call specific output actions.
List of streaming media servicesAn over-the-top media service is a streaming media service offered directly to viewers via the Internet. OTT bypasses cable, broadcast, and satellite television platforms, the companies that traditionally act as a controller or distributors of such content. Most of these services are owned by a major film studio. Some streaming services started as an add-on to Blu-ray offerings, which are supplements to the programs watched. Streaming is an alternative to file downloading, a process in which the end-user obtains the entire file(s) for the content before watching or listening to it.
Music streaming serviceA music streaming service is a type of streaming media service that focuses primarily on music, and sometimes other forms of digital audio content such as podcasts. These services are usually subscription-based services allowing users to stream digital copyright restricted songs on-demand from a centralized library provided by the service. Some services may offer free tiers with limitations, such as advertising and limits on use.
DonnéeUne donnée est ce qui est connu et qui sert de point de départ à un raisonnement ayant pour objet la détermination d'une solution à un problème en relation avec cette donnée. Cela peut être une description élémentaire qui vise à objectiver une réalité, le résultat d'une comparaison entre deux événements du même ordre (mesure) soit en d'autres termes une observation ou une mesure. La donnée brute est dépourvue de tout raisonnement, supposition, constatation, probabilité.
Top-down parsingTop-down parsing in computer science is a parsing strategy where one first looks at the highest level of the parse tree and works down the parse tree by using the rewriting rules of a formal grammar. LL parsers are a type of parser that uses a top-down parsing strategy. Top-down parsing is a strategy of analyzing unknown data relationships by hypothesizing general parse tree structures and then considering whether the known fundamental structures are compatible with the hypothesis.
Combinateur d'analyseursEn programmation informatique, un combinateur d'analyseurs est une fonction d'ordre supérieur qui accepte plusieurs analyseurs en entrée et renvoie un nouvel analyseur en sortie. Dans ce contexte, un analyseur est une fonction acceptant des chaînes en entrée et renvoyant une structure en sortie, généralement un arbre d'analyse ou un ensemble d'indices représentant les emplacements dans la chaîne où l'analyse s'est arrêtée avec succès.
