Euclidean distanceIn mathematics, the Euclidean distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of a line segment between the two points. It can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of the points using the Pythagorean theorem, therefore occasionally being called the Pythagorean distance. These names come from the ancient Greek mathematicians Euclid and Pythagoras, although Euclid did not represent distances as numbers, and the connection from the Pythagorean theorem to distance calculation was not made until the 18th century.
Symétrie (transformation géométrique)Une symétrie géométrique est une transformation géométrique involutive qui conserve le parallélisme. Parmi les symétries courantes, on peut citer la réflexion et la symétrie centrale. Une symétrie géométrique est un cas particulier de symétrie. Il existe plusieurs sortes de symétries dans le plan ou dans l’espace. Remarque : Le terme de symétrie possède aussi un autre sens en mathématiques. Dans l'expression groupe de symétrie, une symétrie désigne une isométrie quelconque.
Exterior angle theoremThe exterior angle theorem is Proposition 1.16 in Euclid's Elements, which states that the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than either of the measures of the remote interior angles. This is a fundamental result in absolute geometry because its proof does not depend upon the parallel postulate. In several high school treatments of geometry, the term "exterior angle theorem" has been applied to a different result, namely the portion of Proposition 1.
Distance geometryDistance geometry is the branch of mathematics concerned with characterizing and studying sets of points based only on given values of the distances between pairs of points. More abstractly, it is the study of semimetric spaces and the isometric transformations between them. In this view, it can be considered as a subject within general topology. Historically, the first result in distance geometry is Heron's formula in 1st century AD.
