In engineering, shear strength is the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure when the material or component fails in shear. A shear load is a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the force. When a paper is cut with scissors, the paper fails in shear. In structural and mechanical engineering, the shear strength of a component is important for designing the dimensions and materials to be used for the manufacture or construction of the component (e.
I-beam is a generic lay term for a variety of structural members with an or -shaped cross-section. Technical terms for similar items include H-beam (for universal column, UC), w-beam (for "wide flange"), universal beam (UB), rolled steel joist (RSJ), or double-T (especially in Polish, Bulgarian, Spanish, Italian and German). I-beams are typically made of structural steel and serve a wide variety of construction uses. The horizontal elements of the are called flanges, and the vertical element is known as the "web".
right|thumb|Poutres et solives dans une maison polonaise Une poutre est à l'origine un bois de brin, de manière préférentielle du chêne, équarri à la scie de long ou à la hache (cognée, herminette et doloire de charpentier), et qui était donc de toute la grosseur des arbres; c'est-à-dire qu'on n'avait enlevé du tronc que les dosses, laissant le duramen quasi intact. Elle peut servir à faire des clôtures. Le côté d’une poutre est selon NF B50-002 supérieur à 120 millimètres.