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Séance de cours

Essai mécanique : propriétés de traction

Dans cours

MSE-234: Comportement mécanique des matériaux

Ce cours est une introduction au comportement mécanique, à l'élaboration, à la structure et au cycle de vie des grandes classes de matériaux de structure (métaux, polymères, céramiques et composites) ...

Description

Cette séance de cours couvre les bases de l'essai mécanique, en se concentrant sur les propriétés de traction telles que les courbes contrainte-souche, la vraie contrainte, et la vraie contrainte. Il explique des concepts comme l'ingénierie des courbes de contrainte-déformation, des points de rendement, et le phénomène du cou. L'instructeur discute de l'importance de comprendre le vrai comportement stress-strain et les implications pour le comportement matériel dans différentes conditions de chargement.

Enseignant·e·s (3)

Julie Nathalie S Gheysen

Andreas Mortensen

Andreas Mortensen is currently Professor and Director of the Institute of Materials at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), where he heads the Laboratory for Mechanical Metallurgy. He joined the faculty of EPFL 1997 after ten years, from 1986 to 1996, as a member of the faculty of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he held the successive titles of ALCOA Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor. His research is focussed on the processing, microstructural development and mechanical behavior of advanced metallic materials with particular focus on metal matrix composites and metal foams, on infiltration processing and capillarity, and on damage and fracture in metallic materials. He is author or co-author of two monographs, around one hundred and eighty scientific or technical publications and twelve patents. Born in San Francisco in 1957, of dual (Danish and US) nationality, Andreas Mortensen graduated in 1980 from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris with a Diplôme dIngénieur Civil, and earned his Ph.D. in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT in 1986. Besides his academic employment, he was a postdoctoral researcher at Nippon Steel during part of 1986, and was invited professor at the Ecole des Mines in Paris during the academic year 1995 to 1996. He is a member of the editorial committee of International Materials Reviews and has co-edited four books. He is a Fellow of ASM, a recipient of the Howe Medal and the Grossman Award of the American Society of Metals, was awarded the Péchiney Prize by the French Academy of Sciences and the Res Metallica Chair from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, received three EPFL teaching awards, is one of ISIs Highly Cited authors for Materials Science since 2002 and was awarded an ERC advanced grant in 2012.

David Hernandez Escobar

Source officielle

Proximité ontologique

Génie chimique

Science des matériaux: Deformation of materials

Concepts associés (32)

Stress–strain curve

In engineering and materials science, a stress–strain curve for a material gives the relationship between stress and strain. It is obtained by gradually applying load to a test coupon and measuring the deformation, from which the stress and strain can be determined (see tensile testing). These curves reveal many of the properties of a material, such as the Young's modulus, the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength. Generally speaking, curves representing the relationship between stress and strain in any form of deformation can be regarded as stress–strain curves.

Deformation (engineering)

In engineering, deformation refers to the change in size or shape of an object. Displacements are the absolute change in position of a point on the object. Deflection is the relative change in external displacements on an object. Strain is the relative internal change in shape of an infinitesimally small cube of material and can be expressed as a non-dimensional change in length or angle of distortion of the cube. Strains are related to the forces acting on the cube, which are known as stress, by a stress-strain curve.

Stress–strain analysis

Stress–strain analysis (or stress analysis) is an engineering discipline that uses many methods to determine the stresses and strains in materials and structures subjected to forces. In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material. In simple terms we can define stress as the force of resistance per unit area, offered by a body against deformation.

Yield (engineering)

In materials science and engineering, the yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic behavior and the beginning of plastic behavior. Below the yield point, a material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible and is known as plastic deformation.

Essai de traction

thumb|Essai de traction terminé. Un essai de traction est une expérience de physique qui permet d'obtenir des informations sur le comportement élastique, le comportement plastique et le degré de résistance à la rupture d'un matériau, lorsqu'il est soumis à une sollicitation uniaxiale. Certains objets manufacturés doivent avoir un minimum de solidité pour pouvoir supporter les charges, le poids et bien d'autres efforts. L'essai de traction permet de caractériser les matériaux, indépendamment de la forme de l'objet sollicité, ou la performance d'un assemblage mécanique.

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Séances de cours associées (54)

Sans titre

Matériaux: de la chimie aux propriétés

Explore le comportement des matériaux sous contrainte, couvrant la déformation plastique, l'élasticité et les mécanismes de renforcement.

Élasticité et déformation

Couvre le stress, la contrainte, le module d'élasticité et le comportement matériel sous différentes charges.

Contraintes normales: Stress interne et contrainte

Introduit des contraintes internes et des contraintes, des propriétés de matériaux et des considérations de conception pour les charges axiales et le cisaillement direct.

Déformation des matériaux : contraintes, déformations et élasticité

Explore la déformation des matériaux à travers les contraintes, les déformations et l'élasticité, en se concentrant sur le comportement des métaux, des céramiques et des polymères.

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Concepts associés (32)

Stress–strain curve

Deformation (engineering)

Stress–strain analysis

Yield (engineering)

Essai de traction

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