Espace de BanachEn mathématiques, plus particulièrement en analyse fonctionnelle, on appelle espace de Banach un espace vectoriel normé sur un sous-corps K de C (en général, K = R ou C), complet pour la distance issue de sa norme. Comme la topologie induite par sa distance est compatible avec sa structure d’espace vectoriel, c’est un espace vectoriel topologique. Les espaces de Banach possèdent de nombreuses propriétés qui font d'eux un outil essentiel pour l'analyse fonctionnelle. Ils doivent leur nom au mathématicien polonais Stefan Banach.
Fourier analysisIn mathematics, Fourier analysis (ˈfʊrieɪ,_-iər) is the study of the way general functions may be represented or approximated by sums of simpler trigonometric functions. Fourier analysis grew from the study of Fourier series, and is named after Joseph Fourier, who showed that representing a function as a sum of trigonometric functions greatly simplifies the study of heat transfer. The subject of Fourier analysis encompasses a vast spectrum of mathematics.
Distribution de DiracEn mathématiques, plus précisément en analyse, la distribution de Dirac, aussi appelée par abus de langage fonction δ de Dirac, introduite par Paul Dirac, peut être informellement considérée comme une fonction qui prend une « valeur » infinie en 0, et la valeur zéro partout ailleurs, et dont l'intégrale sur R est égale à 1. La représentation graphique de la « fonction » δ peut être assimilée à l'axe des abscisses en entier et le demi axe des ordonnées positives.
Discrete-time Fourier transformIn mathematics, the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), also called the finite Fourier transform, is a form of Fourier analysis that is applicable to a sequence of values. The DTFT is often used to analyze samples of a continuous function. The term discrete-time refers to the fact that the transform operates on discrete data, often samples whose interval has units of time. From uniformly spaced samples it produces a function of frequency that is a periodic summation of the continuous Fourier transform of the original continuous function.
Algèbre d'opérateursIn functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, an operator algebra is an algebra of continuous linear operators on a topological vector space, with the multiplication given by the composition of mappings. The results obtained in the study of operator algebras are often phrased in algebraic terms, while the techniques used are often highly analytic. Although the study of operator algebras is usually classified as a branch of functional analysis, it has direct applications to representation theory, differential geometry, quantum statistical mechanics, quantum information, and quantum field theory.
Non-uniform discrete Fourier transformIn applied mathematics, the nonuniform discrete Fourier transform (NUDFT or NDFT) of a signal is a type of Fourier transform, related to a discrete Fourier transform or discrete-time Fourier transform, but in which the input signal is not sampled at equally spaced points or frequencies (or both). It is a generalization of the shifted DFT. It has important applications in signal processing, magnetic resonance imaging, and the numerical solution of partial differential equations.
Coefficient de transfert thermiqueLe coefficient de transfert thermique ou coefficient de transmission thermique est un coefficient quantifiant le flux d'énergie traversant un milieu, par unité de surface, de volume ou de longueur. L'inverse du coefficient de transfert thermique est la résistance thermique. C'est un terme important dans l'équation d'un transfert thermique et permet d'indiquer la facilité avec laquelle l'énergie thermique passe un obstacle ou un milieu. Dans le cas d'un transfert surfacique, il est appelé coefficient de transfert thermique surfacique ou résistance thermique d'interface.
One-way wave equationA one-way wave equation is a first-order partial differential equation describing one wave traveling in a direction defined by the vector wave velocity. It contrasts with the second-order two-way wave equation describing a standing wavefield resulting from superposition of two waves in opposite directions. In the one-dimensional case, the one-way wave equation allows wave propagation to be calculated without the mathematical complication of solving a 2nd order differential equation.
Équation aux dérivées partiellesEn mathématiques, plus précisément en calcul différentiel, une équation aux dérivées partielles (parfois appelée équation différentielle partielle et abrégée en EDP) est une équation différentielle dont les solutions sont les fonctions inconnues dépendant de plusieurs variables vérifiant certaines conditions concernant leurs dérivées partielles. Une EDP a souvent de très nombreuses solutions, les conditions étant moins strictes que dans le cas d'une équation différentielle ordinaire à une seule variable ; les problèmes comportent souvent des conditions aux limites qui restreignent l'ensemble des solutions.
Fractional Fourier transformIn mathematics, in the area of harmonic analysis, the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is a family of linear transformations generalizing the Fourier transform. It can be thought of as the Fourier transform to the n-th power, where n need not be an integer — thus, it can transform a function to any intermediate domain between time and frequency. Its applications range from filter design and signal analysis to phase retrieval and pattern recognition.
Continuous linear operatorIn functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a continuous linear operator or continuous linear mapping is a continuous linear transformation between topological vector spaces. An operator between two normed spaces is a bounded linear operator if and only if it is a continuous linear operator. Continuous function (topology) and Discontinuous linear map Bounded operator Suppose that is a linear operator between two topological vector spaces (TVSs). The following are equivalent: is continuous.
Weak operator topologyIn functional analysis, the weak operator topology, often abbreviated WOT, is the weakest topology on the set of bounded operators on a Hilbert space , such that the functional sending an operator to the complex number is continuous for any vectors and in the Hilbert space. Explicitly, for an operator there is base of neighborhoods of the following type: choose a finite number of vectors , continuous functionals , and positive real constants indexed by the same finite set . An operator lies in the neighborhood if and only if for all .
