Network analysis (electrical circuits)In electrical engineering and electronics, a network is a collection of interconnected components. Network analysis is the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents through, all network components. There are many techniques for calculating these values; however, for the most part, the techniques assume linear components. Except where stated, the methods described in this article are applicable only to linear network analysis.
Circuit RLUn circuit RL est un circuit électrique contenant une résistance et une bobine ; il est utilisé dans diverses applications, comme filtre passe-bas ou passe-haut, ou dans les convertisseurs de courant continu. Contenant deux composants, il se décline en deux versions différant dans la disposition des composantes (série ou parallèle).
Circuit RLCEn électrocinétique, un circuit RLC est un circuit linéaire contenant une résistance électrique, une bobine (inductance) et un condensateur (capacité). Il existe deux types de circuits RLC, série ou parallèle selon l'interconnexion des trois types de composants. Le comportement d'un circuit RLC est généralement décrit par une équation différentielle du second ordre (là où des circuits RL ou circuits RC se comportent comme des circuits du premier ordre).
Circuit RCUn circuit RC est un circuit électrique, composé d'une résistance et d'un condensateur montés en série ou en parallèle. Dans leur configuration série, les circuits RC permettent de réaliser des filtres électroniques passe-bas ou passe-haut. La constante de temps d'un circuit RC est donnée par le produit de la valeur de ces deux éléments.
Series and parallel circuitsTwo-terminal components and electrical networks can be connected in series or parallel. The resulting electrical network will have two terminals, and itself can participate in a series or parallel topology. Whether a two-terminal "object" is an electrical component (e.g. a resistor) or an electrical network (e.g. resistors in series) is a matter of perspective. This article will use "component" to refer to a two-terminal "object" that participate in the series/parallel networks.
Capacitor typesCapacitors are manufactured in many styles, forms, dimensions, and from a large variety of materials. They all contain at least two electrical conductors, called plates, separated by an insulating layer (dielectric). Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Capacitors, together with resistors and inductors, belong to the group of passive components in electronic equipment.
Circuit LCUn circuit LC est un circuit électrique contenant une bobine (L) et un condensateur (Capacité). C'est ainsi qu'on obtient le phénomène de résonance électrique. Ce type de circuit est utilisé dans les filtres, les tuners et les mélangeurs de fréquences. Par conséquent, son utilisation est répandue dans les transmissions sans fil en radiodiffusion, autant pour l'émission que la réception. thumb|200px|Circuit LC série et parallèle thumb|upright=1.
Polymer capacitorA polymer capacitor, or more accurately a polymer electrolytic capacitor, is an electrolytic capacitor (e-cap) with a solid conductive polymer electrolyte. There are four different types: Polymer tantalum electrolytic capacitor (Polymer Ta-e-cap) Polymer aluminium electrolytic capacitor (Polymer Al-e-cap) Hybrid polymer capacitor (Hybrid polymer Al-e-cap) Polymer niobium electrolytic capacitors Polymer Ta-e-caps are available in rectangular surface-mounted device (SMD) chip style.
Film capacitorFilm capacitors, plastic film capacitors, film dielectric capacitors, or polymer film capacitors, generically called film caps as well as power film capacitors, are electrical capacitors with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, sometimes combined with paper as carrier of the electrodes. The dielectric films, depending on the desired dielectric strength, are drawn in a special process to an extremely thin thickness, and are then provided with electrodes.
Electrolytic capacitorAn electrolytic capacitor is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A solid, liquid, or gel electrolyte covers the surface of this oxide layer, serving as the cathode or negative plate of the capacitor. Because of their very thin dielectric oxide layer and enlarged anode surface, electrolytic capacitors have a much higher capacitance-voltage (CV) product per unit volume than ceramic capacitors or film capacitors, and so can have large capacitance values.
First-order partial differential equationIn mathematics, a first-order partial differential equation is a partial differential equation that involves only first derivatives of the unknown function of n variables. The equation takes the form Such equations arise in the construction of characteristic surfaces for hyperbolic partial differential equations, in the calculus of variations, in some geometrical problems, and in simple models for gas dynamics whose solution involves the method of characteristics.
Motor capacitorA motor capacitor is an electrical capacitor that alters the current to one or more windings of a single-phase alternating-current induction motor to create a rotating magnetic field. There are two common types of motor capacitors, start capacitor and run capacitor (including a dual run capacitor). Motor capacitors are used with single-phase electric motors that are in turn used to drive air conditioners, hot tub/jacuzzi spa pumps, powered gates, large fans or forced-air heat furnaces for example.
Méthode des maillesMesh analysis (or the mesh current method) is a method that is used to solve planar circuits for the currents (and indirectly the voltages) at any place in the electrical circuit. Planar circuits are circuits that can be drawn on a plane surface with no wires crossing each other. A more general technique, called loop analysis (with the corresponding network variables called loop currents) can be applied to any circuit, planar or not.
Linear circuitA linear circuit is an electronic circuit which obeys the superposition principle. This means that the output of the circuit F(x) when a linear combination of signals ax1(t) + bx2(t) is applied to it is equal to the linear combination of the outputs due to the signals x1(t) and x2(t) applied separately: It is called a linear circuit because the output voltage and current of such a circuit are linear functions of its input voltage and current. This kind of linearity is not the same as that of straight-line graphs.
Tantalum capacitorA tantalum electrolytic capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a passive component of electronic circuits. It consists of a pellet of porous tantalum metal as an anode, covered by an insulating oxide layer that forms the dielectric, surrounded by liquid or solid electrolyte as a cathode. Because of its very thin and relatively high permittivity dielectric layer, the tantalum capacitor distinguishes itself from other conventional and electrolytic capacitors in having high capacitance per volume (high volumetric efficiency) and lower weight.
Capacité électriqueEn électricité et en électronique, la capacité représente la quantité de charges électriques portées par un accumulateur, un condensateur ou un conducteur pour une tension donnée. Elle est définie comme étant la somme des charges électriques de l'élément divisée par le potentiel de l'élément : où : capacité (en farads (F)) ; charge (en coulombs (C)) ; différence de potentiel aux bornes de l'élément (en volts (V)).
Ceramic capacitorA ceramic capacitor is a fixed-value capacitor where the ceramic material acts as the dielectric. It is constructed of two or more alternating layers of ceramic and a metal layer acting as the electrodes. The composition of the ceramic material defines the electrical behavior and therefore applications. Ceramic capacitors are divided into two application classes: Class 1 ceramic capacitors offer high stability and low losses for resonant circuit applications.
Condensateur de découplageUn condensateur de découplage est un condensateur destiné à réduire le couplage entre signal et alimentation. Le condensateur relie le canal d'alimentation à la masse pour abaisser son impédance dans la bande passante du signal. On n'a pas besoin d'une grande précision sur la valeur du composant. Celle-ci dépend de l'intensité qui traverse le canal et de la fréquence du signal. Le module de l'impédance d'un condensateur de capacité est de la forme (avec ).
Équation différentielleEn mathématiques, une équation différentielle est une équation dont la ou les « inconnue(s) » sont des fonctions ; elle se présente sous la forme d'une relation entre ces fonctions inconnues et leurs dérivées successives. C'est un cas particulier d'équation fonctionnelle. On distingue généralement deux types d'équations différentielles : les équations différentielles ordinaires (EDO) où la ou les fonctions inconnues recherchées ne dépendent que d'une seule variable ; les équations différentielles partielles, plutôt appelées équations aux dérivées partielles (EDP), où la ou les fonctions inconnues recherchées peuvent dépendre de plusieurs variables indépendantes.
Equivalent circuitIn electrical engineering, an equivalent circuit refers to a theoretical circuit that retains all of the electrical characteristics of a given circuit. Often, an equivalent circuit is sought that simplifies calculation, and more broadly, that is a simplest form of a more complex circuit in order to aid analysis. In its most common form, an equivalent circuit is made up of linear, passive elements. However, more complex equivalent circuits are used that approximate the nonlinear behavior of the original circuit as well.
