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Séance de cours

Éviter toute partialité implicite dans l'embauche de professeurs

Concepts associés (7)

Implicit stereotype

An implicit bias or implicit stereotype is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. Implicit stereotypes are thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender. Individuals' perceptions and behaviors can be influenced by the implicit stereotypes they hold, even if they are sometimes unaware they hold such stereotypes.

Test d'association implicite

En psychologie sociale, le test d'association implicite ou TAI (ou implicit-association test abrégé IAT) est une méthode permettant d'étudier les associations d'idées automatiques, souvent inconscientes et présentes dans la mémoire implicites. Introduite en 1998 par , elle est notamment utilisée pour mesurer les stéréotypes racistes ou sexistes d'un individu et vise à expliquer et théoriser des phénomènes psychiques ou comportementaux causés tout ou partie par de telles associations.

Implicit attitude

Implicit attitudes are evaluations that occur without conscious awareness towards an attitude object or the self. These evaluations are generally either favorable or unfavorable and come about from various influences in the individual experience. The commonly used definition of implicit attitude within cognitive and social psychology comes from Anthony Greenwald and Mahzarin Banaji's template for definitions of terms related to implicit cognition: "Implicit attitudes are introspectively unidentified (or inaccurately identified) traces of past experience that mediate favorable or unfavorable feeling, thought, or action toward social objects".

Alpha diversity

In ecology, alpha diversity (α-diversity) is the mean species diversity in a site at a local scale. The term was introduced by R. H. Whittaker together with the terms beta diversity (β-diversity) and gamma diversity (γ-diversity). Whittaker's idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape (gamma diversity) is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites at a more local scale (alpha diversity) and the differentiation among those sites (beta diversity).

Implicit cognition

Implicit cognition refers to cognitive processes that occur outside conscious awareness or conscious control. This includes domains such as learning, perception, or memory which may influence a person's behavior without their conscious awareness of those influences. Implicit cognition is everything one does and learns unconsciously or without any awareness that one is doing it. An example of implicit cognition could be when a person first learns to ride a bike: at first they are aware that they are learning the required skills.

Diversité bêta

La diversité bêta (diversité-β) est une mesure de la biodiversité qui consiste à comparer la diversité des espèces entre écosystèmes ou le long de gradients environnementaux. Cela suppose de comparer le nombre de taxons qui sont uniques à chacun des écosystèmes. C'est le taux de variation en composition d'espèces dans l'ensemble des habitats ou parmi des communautés. Cela donne une mesure quantitative de la diversité des communautés des environnements changeants.

Diversity index

A diversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as species) there are in a dataset (a community), and that can simultaneously take into account the phylogenetic relations among the individuals distributed among those types, such as richness, divergence or evenness. These indices are statistical representations of biodiversity in different aspects (richness, evenness, and dominance).