La projection cartographique est un ensemble de techniques géodésiques permettant de représenter une surface non plane (surface de la Terre, d'un autre corps céleste, du ciel, ...) dans son ensemble ou en partie sur la surface plane d'une carte. L'impossibilité de projeter le globe terrestre sur une surface plane sans distorsion (Theorema egregium) explique que diverses projections aient été inventées, chacune ayant ses avantages. Le choix d'une projection et le passage d'une projection à une autre comptent parmi les difficultés mathématiques que les cartographes ont dû affronter.
The Fujitsu FR-V (Fujitsu RISC-VLIW) is one of the very few processors ever able to process both a very long instruction word (VLIW) and vector processor instructions at the same time, increasing throughput with high parallel computing while increasing performance per watt and hardware efficiency. The family was presented in 1999. Its design was influenced by the VPP500/5000 models of the Fujitsu VP/2000 vector processor supercomputer line.
The Fujitsu FR (Fujitsu RISC) is a 32-bit RISC processor family. New variants include a floating point unit and partly video input analog-to-digital converter and digital signal processor. It is supported by Softune, GNU Compiler Collection and other integrated development environments. Fujitsu FR are used to control previous versions of Milbeaut signal processors specialized for . Although variants of the 6th generation in 2011 and later generations changed to dual-core ARM architecture, ASSP/ASIC variants with FR controller are continued.