Reform movementA reform movement or reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts.
Anti-discrimination lawAnti-discrimination law or non-discrimination law refers to legislation designed to prevent discrimination against particular groups of people; these groups are often referred to as protected groups or protected classes. Anti-discrimination laws vary by jurisdiction with regard to the types of discrimination that are prohibited, and also the groups that are protected by that legislation. Commonly, these types of legislation are designed to prevent discrimination in employment, housing, education, and other areas of social life, such as public accommodations.
Culture-historical archaeologyCulture-historical archaeology is an archaeological theory that emphasises defining historical societies into distinct ethnic and cultural groupings according to their material culture. It originated in the late nineteenth century as cultural evolutionism began to fall out of favor with many antiquarians and archaeologists. It was gradually superseded in the mid-twentieth century by processual archaeology.
Intersection numberIn mathematics, and especially in algebraic geometry, the intersection number generalizes the intuitive notion of counting the number of times two curves intersect to higher dimensions, multiple (more than 2) curves, and accounting properly for tangency. One needs a definition of intersection number in order to state results like Bézout's theorem. The intersection number is obvious in certain cases, such as the intersection of the x- and y-axes in a plane, which should be one.
Discrimination pour précarité socialeLa discrimination pour précarité sociale est une forme de discrimination motivée par la vulnérabilité socio-économique des victimes. Discrimination en droit québécois En droit québécois, la discrimination pour cause de condition sociale à l'article 10 de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne est comprise par les tribunaux comme englobant la discrimination pour précarité sociale. Par exemple, dans l'affaire Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse (Tchakondo et une autre) c.
Household income in the United StatesHousehold income is an economic standard that can be applied to one household, or aggregated across a large group such as a county, city, or the whole country. It is commonly used by the United States government and private institutions to describe a household's economic status or to track economic trends in the US. A key measure of household income is the median income, at which half of households have income above that level and half below. The U.S.
Logement socialUn logement social est un logement destiné, à la suite d'une initiative publique ou privée, à des personnes qui ont des difficultés à se loger le plus souvent pour des raisons financières. L'expression sert aussi à désigner le secteur économique constitué par ce marché immobilier et les politiques d'économie sociale qui président à son administration. En Europe, le logement passe par diverses traditions et des histoires nationales qui toutes visent à l’encadrement des loyers et à plus ou moins d'extension du logement social.
HousingHousing, or more generally, living spaces, refers to the construction and assigned usage of houses or buildings individually or collectively, for the purpose of shelter. Housing is a basic human need, and it plays a critical role in shaping the quality of life for individuals, families, and communities. Housing ensures that members of society have a place to live, whether it is a home or some kind of physical structure for dwelling, lodging or shelter and it includes a range of options from apartments and houses to temporary shelters and emergency accommodations.
Grand ensembleUn grand ensemble, parfois qualifié de cité ou abusivement cité HLM (car beaucoup de grands ensembles, même parmi les plus délabrés, sont des copropriétés et non des logements sociaux), est un type de forme urbaine, généralement de grande étendue, censé accueillir un grand nombre d'habitants et, dans une certaine mesure, caractérisé par l'aspect répétitif de ses bâtiments, généralement une série de barres et de tours. La composition d'un grand ensemble peut varier du tout au tout d'un contexte à l'autre.
Revenu de basevignette|Le à Berne, des militants du revenu de base ont célébré le succès d'une initiative populaire qui a récolté plus de de soutien à la tenue d'un référendum sur le revenu de base. vignette|En à Angoulême, entre une banque et un pôle emploi, le groupe ART112 propose une réflexion sur le capitalisme et le revenu de base. Le revenu de base, encore appelé revenu d'existence, revenu universel ou allocation universelle, est une somme d'argent versée par une communauté politique à tous ses membres, de la naissance à la mort, sur une base individuelle, de façon inconditionnelle, sans contrôle des ressources ni exigence de contrepartie.
Housing associationIn Ireland and the United Kingdom, housing associations are private, non-profit making organisations that provide low-cost "social housing" for people in need of a home. Any budget surplus is used to maintain existing housing and to help finance new homes and it cannot be used for personal benefit of directors or shareholders. Although independent, they are regulated by the state and commonly receive public funding. They are now the United Kingdom's major providers of new housing for rent, while many also run shared ownership schemes to help those who cannot afford to buy a home outright.
Affordable housingAffordable housing is housing which is deemed affordable to those with a household income at or below the median as rated by the national government or a local government by a recognized housing affordability index. Most of the literature on affordable housing refers to mortgages and a number of forms that exist along a continuum – from emergency homeless shelters, to transitional housing, to non-market rental (also known as social or subsidized housing), to formal and informal rental, indigenous housing, and ending with affordable home ownership.
