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Énergie primaire

Une source d’énergie primaire est une forme d’énergie disponible dans la nature avant toute transformation. Si elle n’est pas utilisable directement, elle doit être transformée en une source d’énergie secondaire pour être utilisable et transportable facilement. Dans l'industrie de l'énergie, on distingue la production d'énergie primaire, de son stockage et son transport sous la forme de vecteurs d'énergie et de la consommation d'énergie finale.

Saturated fat

A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds. A fat known as a glyceride is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: a short glycerol backbone and fatty acids that each contain a long linear or branched chain of carbon (C) atoms. Along the chain, some carbon atoms are linked by single bonds (-C-C-) and others are linked by double bonds (-C=C-). A double bond along the carbon chain can react with a pair of hydrogen atoms to change into a single -C-C- bond, with each H atom now bonded to one of the two C atoms.

Leaving group

In chemistry, a leaving group is defined by the IUPAC as an atom or group of atoms that detaches from the main or residual part of a substrate during a reaction or elementary step of a reaction. However, in common usage, the term is often limited to a fragment that departs with a pair of electrons in heterolytic bond cleavage. In this usage, a leaving group is a less formal but more commonly used synonym of the term nucleofuge.

SN1

La substitution nucléophile monomoléculaire, plus couramment appelée SN1 est un mécanisme réactionnel en chimie organique. C'est un mécanisme limite, au sens où des réactions chimiques « naturelles » usant de ce type de mécanisme ne se font jamais entièrement selon ce mécanisme, mais à un certain pourcentage. Le mécanisme limite « opposé » est la SN2. Ces deux mécanismes sont utilisés pour décrire la réaction : R-GP + Nu− = R-Nu +GP− où GP est le groupe partant (aussi appelé nucléofuge), Nu est le nucléophile, et R un radical alkyle ou aryle.

Energy development

Energy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources. These activities include the production of renewable, nuclear, and fossil fuel derived sources of energy, and for the recovery and reuse of energy that would otherwise be wasted. Energy conservation and efficiency measures reduce the demand for energy development, and can have benefits to society with improvements to environmental issues.

Concepts associés (25)