CompilateurEn informatique, un compilateur est un programme qui transforme un code source en un code objet. Généralement, le code source est écrit dans un langage de programmation (le langage source), il est de haut niveau d'abstraction, et facilement compréhensible par l'humain. Le code objet est généralement écrit en langage de plus bas niveau (appelé langage cible), par exemple un langage d'assemblage ou langage machine, afin de créer un programme exécutable par une machine.
Table des symbolesUne table de symboles est une centralisation des informations rattachées aux identificateurs d'un programme informatique. C'est une fonction accélératrice de compilation, dont l'efficacité dépend de la conception. Dans une table des symboles, on retrouve des informations comme : le type, l'emplacement mémoire, la portée, la visibilité, etc. Généralement, la table est créée dynamiquement. Une première portion est créée au début de la compilation. Puis, de façon opportuniste, en fonction des besoins, elle est complétée.
Optimizing compilerIn computing, an optimizing compiler is a compiler that tries to minimize or maximize some attributes of an executable computer program. Common requirements are to minimize a program's execution time, memory footprint, storage size, and power consumption (the last three being popular for portable computers). Compiler optimization is generally implemented using a sequence of optimizing transformations, algorithms which take a program and transform it to produce a semantically equivalent output program that uses fewer resources or executes faster.
Multi-pass compilerA multi-pass compiler is a type of compiler that processes the source code or abstract syntax tree of a program several times. This is in contrast to a one-pass compiler, which traverses the program only once. Each pass takes the result of the previous pass as the input, and creates an intermediate output. In this way, the (intermediate) code is improved pass by pass, until the final pass produces the final code. Multi-pass compilers are sometimes called wide compilers, referring to the greater scope of the passes: they can "see" the entire program being compiled, instead of just a small portion of it.
Compile timeIn computer science, compile time (or compile-time) describes the time window during which a language's statements are converted into 0s and 1s for the computer to understand. The term is used as an adjective to describe concepts related to the context of program compilation, as opposed to concepts related to the context of program execution (runtime). For example, compile-time requirements are programming language requirements that must be met by source code before compilation and compile-time properties are properties of the program that can be reasoned about during compilation.
Type systemIn computer programming, a type system is a logical system comprising a set of rules that assigns a property called a type (for example, integer, floating point, string) to every "term" (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Usually the terms are various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions, or modules. A type system dictates the operations that can be performed on a term. For variables, the type system determines the allowed values of that term.
