vignette|300px|right|Réponses impulsionnelles d'un système audio simple (de haut en bas) : impulsion originale à l'entrée, réponse après amplification des hautes fréquences et réponse après amplification des basses fréquences. En traitement du signal, la réponse impulsionnelle d'un processus est le signal de sortie qui est obtenu lorsque l'entrée reçoit une impulsion, c'est-à-dire une variation soudaine et brève du signal.
Electrical resistivity (also called volume resistivity or specific electrical resistance) is a fundamental specific property of a material that measures its electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current. Resistivity is commonly represented by the Greek letter ρ (rho). The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m).
In electronics and control system theory, loop gain is the sum of the gain, expressed as a ratio or in decibels, around a feedback loop. Feedback loops are widely used in electronics in amplifiers and oscillators, and more generally in both electronic and nonelectronic industrial control systems to control industrial plant and equipment. The concept is also used in biology. In a feedback loop, the output of a device, process or plant is sampled and applied to alter the input, to better control the output.
vignette|Modèle simple de contre-réaction. En électronique le principe de la contre-réaction permet le contrôle des circuits d', de filtrage ou d'asservissement. Elle permet de rendre leurs caractéristiques de fonctionnement indépendantes, dans une large mesure, des différents constituants internes de ces systèmes. Le principe de la contre-réaction a été découvert par Harold Stephen Black le 2 août 1927. Cette idée lui serait venue alors qu'il se rendait à son travail aux laboratoires Bell.
Numerous Cyrillic alphabets are based on the Cyrillic script. The early Cyrillic alphabet was developed in the 9th century AD and replaced the earlier Glagolitic script developed by the Byzantine theologians Cyril and Methodius. It is the basis of alphabets used in various languages, past and present, Slavic origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. As of 2011, around 252 million people in Eurasia use it as the official alphabet for their national languages. About half of them are in Russia.