Compressed-air energy storageCompressed-air energy storage (CAES) is a way to store energy for later use using compressed air. At a utility scale, energy generated during periods of low demand can be released during peak load periods. The first utility-scale CAES project has been built in Huntorf, Germany, and is still operational. The Huntorf plant was initially developed as a load balancer for fossil fuel-generated electricity, the global shift towards renewable energy renewed interest in CAES systems, to help highly intermittent energy sources like photovoltaics and wind satisfy fluctuating electricity demands.
Volume molaireLe volume molaire d'une substance est le volume occupé par une mole de cette substance. Le volume molaire peut être déterminé pour toute substance dans toutes les phases (gaz, liquide, solide). Dans les unités du Système international le volume molaire s'exprime en mètres cubes par mole (), mais il est plus pratique d'utiliser le litre par mole () ou le mètre cube par kilomole (). Il s'agit d'une grandeur molaire. Le volume molaire d'un gaz parfait est de (soit ) dans les conditions normales de température et de pression (CNTP : et ) et de à sous .
Home energy storageHome energy storage devices store electricity locally, for later consumption. Electrochemical energy storage products, also known as "Battery Energy Storage System" (or "BESS" for short), at their heart are rechargeable batteries, typically based on lithium-ion or lead-acid controlled by computer with intelligent software to handle charging and discharging cycles. Companies are also developing smaller flow battery technology for home use.
Dielectric lossIn electrical engineering, dielectric loss quantifies a dielectric material's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy (e.g. heat). It can be parameterized in terms of either the loss angle δ or the corresponding loss tangent tan(δ). Both refer to the phasor in the complex plane whose real and imaginary parts are the resistive (lossy) component of an electromagnetic field and its reactive (lossless) counterpart.
Low-κ dielectricIn semiconductor manufacturing, a low-κ is a material with a small relative dielectric constant (κ, kappa) relative to silicon dioxide. Low-κ dielectric material implementation is one of several strategies used to allow continued scaling of microelectronic devices, colloquially referred to as extending Moore's law. In digital circuits, insulating dielectrics separate the conducting parts (wire interconnects and transistors) from one another.
DensitéLa densité (ou densité relative) d'un corps est le rapport de sa masse volumique à la masse volumique d'un autre corps pris comme référence. Pour les liquides et les solides, le corps de référence est l'eau pure à . Pour les gaz, le corps de référence est l'air, à la même température et sous la même pression. La densité d'un corps est une grandeur sans dimension et sa valeur s'exprime sans unité de mesure.
Film capacitorFilm capacitors, plastic film capacitors, film dielectric capacitors, or polymer film capacitors, generically called film caps as well as power film capacitors, are electrical capacitors with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, sometimes combined with paper as carrier of the electrodes. The dielectric films, depending on the desired dielectric strength, are drawn in a special process to an extremely thin thickness, and are then provided with electrodes.
PermittivitéLa permittivité, plus précisément permittivité diélectrique, est une propriété physique qui décrit la réponse d'un milieu donné à un champ électrique appliqué. C'est une propriété macroscopique, essentielle de l'électrostatique, ainsi que de l‘électrodynamique des milieux continus. Elle intervient dans de nombreux domaines, notamment dans l’étude de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques, et en particulier la lumière visible et les ondes utilisées en radiodiffusion. On la retrouve donc en optique, via l'indice de réfraction.
Silver mica capacitorSilver mica capacitors are high precision, stable and reliable capacitors. They are available in small values, and are mostly used at high frequencies and in cases where low losses (high Q) and low capacitor change over time is desired. Mica has been used as a capacitor dielectric since the mid-19th century. William Dubilier invented a small mica capacitor in 1909 which was used in decoupling applications. They were put into large scale commercial production to meet military requirements in World War I.
Lithium-ion capacitorA lithium-ion capacitor (LIC or LiC) is a hybrid type of capacitor classified as a type of supercapacitor. It is called a hybrid because the anode is the same as those used in lithium-ion batteries and the cathode is the same as those used in supercapacitors. Activated carbon is typically used as the cathode. The anode of the LIC consists of carbon material which is often pre-doped with lithium ions. This pre-doping process lowers the potential of the anode and allows a relatively high output voltage compared to other supercapacitors.
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Dielectric gasA dielectric gas, or insulating gas, is a dielectric material in gaseous state. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges. Dielectric gases are used as electrical insulators in high voltage applications, e.g. transformers, circuit breakers (namely sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers), switchgear (namely high voltage switchgear), radar waveguides, etc.
