Granularity (parallel computing)In parallel computing, granularity (or grain size) of a task is a measure of the amount of work (or computation) which is performed by that task. Another definition of granularity takes into account the communication overhead between multiple processors or processing elements. It defines granularity as the ratio of computation time to communication time, wherein computation time is the time required to perform the computation of a task and communication time is the time required to exchange data between processors.
Thread (informatique)thumb|Un processus avec deux threads. Un thread ou fil (traduction normalisés par ISO/CEI 2382-7:2000 (autres appellations connues : processus léger, fil d'exécution, fil d'instruction, processus allégé, exétron, tâche, voire unité d'exécution ou unité de traitement) est similaire à un processus car tous deux représentent l'exécution d'un ensemble d'instructions du langage machine d'un processeur. Du point de vue de l'utilisateur, ces exécutions semblent se dérouler en parallèle.
Explicit parallelismIn computer programming, explicit parallelism is the representation of concurrent computations by means of primitives in the form of special-purpose directives or function calls. Most parallel primitives are related to process synchronization, communication or task partitioning. As they seldom contribute to actually carry out the intended computation of the program, their computational cost is often considered as parallelization overhead. The advantage of explicit parallel programming is the absolute programmer control over the parallel execution.
Gestion de la mémoireLa gestion de la mémoire est une forme de gestion des ressources appliquée à la mémoire de l'ordinateur. L'exigence essentielle de la gestion de la mémoire est de fournir des moyens d'allouer dynamiquement des portions de mémoire aux programmes à leur demande, et de les libérer pour réutilisation lorsqu'elles ne sont plus nécessaires. Ceci est essentiel pour tout système informatique avancé où plus d'un processus peuvent être en cours à tout moment. Catégorie:Architecture informatique Catégorie:Pages avec
Parallel programming modelIn computing, a parallel programming model is an abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs. The value of a programming model can be judged on its generality: how well a range of different problems can be expressed for a variety of different architectures, and its performance: how efficiently the compiled programs can execute. The implementation of a parallel programming model can take the form of a library invoked from a sequential language, as an extension to an existing language, or as an entirely new language.
Green threadIn computer programming, a green thread (virtual thread) is a thread that is scheduled by a runtime library or virtual machine (VM) instead of natively by the underlying operating system (OS). Green threads emulate multithreaded environments without relying on any native OS abilities, and they are managed in user space instead of kernel space, enabling them to work in environments that do not have native thread support. Green threads refers to the name of the original thread library for the programming language Java (that was released in version 1.
Parallélisme (informatique)vignette|upright=1|Un des éléments de Blue Gene L cabinet, un des supercalculateurs massivement parallèles les plus rapides des années 2000. En informatique, le parallélisme consiste à mettre en œuvre des architectures d'électronique numérique permettant de traiter des informations de manière simultanée, ainsi que les algorithmes spécialisés pour celles-ci. Ces techniques ont pour but de réaliser le plus grand nombre d'opérations en un temps le plus petit possible.
Instruction-level parallelismInstruction-level parallelism (ILP) is the parallel or simultaneous execution of a sequence of instructions in a computer program. More specifically ILP refers to the average number of instructions run per step of this parallel execution. ILP must not be confused with concurrency. In ILP there is a single specific thread of execution of a process. On the other hand, concurrency involves the assignment of multiple threads to a CPU's core in a strict alternation, or in true parallelism if there are enough CPU cores, ideally one core for each runnable thread.
