Programmation concurrenteLa programmation concurrente est un paradigme de programmation tenant compte, dans un programme, de l'existence de plusieurs piles sémantiques qui peuvent être appelées threads, processus ou tâches. Elles sont matérialisées en machine par une pile d'exécution et un ensemble de données privées. La concurrence est indispensable lorsque l'on souhaite écrire des programmes interagissant avec le monde réel (qui est concurrent) ou tirant parti de multiples unités centrales (couplées, comme dans un système multiprocesseurs, ou distribuées, éventuellement en grille ou en grappe).
Concurrency controlIn information technology and computer science, especially in the fields of computer programming, operating systems, multiprocessors, and databases, concurrency control ensures that correct results for concurrent operations are generated, while getting those results as quickly as possible. Computer systems, both software and hardware, consist of modules, or components. Each component is designed to operate correctly, i.e., to obey or to meet certain consistency rules.
Concurrency (computer science)In computer science, concurrency is the ability of different parts or units of a program, algorithm, or problem to be executed out-of-order or in partial order, without affecting the outcome. This allows for parallel execution of the concurrent units, which can significantly improve overall speed of the execution in multi-processor and multi-core systems. In more technical terms, concurrency refers to the decomposability of a program, algorithm, or problem into order-independent or partially-ordered components or units of computation.
SemanticsSemantics () is the study of reference, meaning, or truth. The term can be used to refer to subfields of several distinct disciplines, including philosophy, linguistics and computer science. In English, the study of meaning in language has been known by many names that involve the Ancient Greek word σῆμα (sema, "sign, mark, token"). In 1690, a Greek rendering of the term semiotics, the interpretation of signs and symbols, finds an early allusion in John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: The third Branch may be called σημειωτική [simeiotikí, "semiotics"], or the Doctrine of Signs, the most usual whereof being words, it is aptly enough termed also λογικὴ, Logick.
Sémantique opérationnelleEn informatique, la sémantique opérationnelle est l'une des approches qui servent à donner une signification aux programmes informatiques d'une manière rigoureuse, mathématiquement parlant (voir Sémantique des langages de programmation). Une sémantique opérationnelle d'un langage de programmation particulier décrit comment chaque programme valide du langage doit être interprété en termes de suite d'états successifs dans la machine. Cette suite d'états est la signification du programme.
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