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High-velocity plunging water jets, appearing at the downstream end of dam weirs and spillways, can create scour of the rock. The prediction of this scour is necessary to ensure the safety of the toe of the dam as well as the stability of its abutments. A physically based engineering model has been developed at the Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions for evaluation of the ultimate scour depth. This model is based on experimental measurements of water pressures at plunge pool bottoms and inside underlying r

Collecting in-situ environmental data and biological samples in polar regions remains extremely challenging. Manually obtaining samples near large icebergs and water-facing glaciers is especially difficult, as the melting ice poses physical dangers for researchers. Icebergs can tip without warning and glaciers calving can create unpredictable landslides and tsunamis. Due to these risks, data is scarce, and little is known about the microbiology at the glacier-ocean interface. Yet these environments are ecol

As everybody knows, access to safe water is vital for human beings. It is also considered as a human right to have access to safe drinking water, free from pathogens that can cause illness and death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), unsafe water is still a part of the daily life of millions of people on Earth. As it is not always possible to build centralized treatment facilities, household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) is a promising alternative for many remote areas in developin

Between 1920 and 1967, approximatively 8000 tons of ammunition waste was dumped into some Swiss lakes. Previous studies based on grab sampling revealed small traces of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN) in the water column of two studied lakes; however these researches showed that the ammunition waste at the lake bottom was likely not involved in that contamination. On the contrary, external sources (tributaries contaminated by

The Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) offers a great potential for developing the use of geothermal energy, allowing the creation of hydrothermal reservoirs in deep and hot geological formations, where energy production was impossible due to a lack of fluid or permeability. In order to guaranteee the economic flow rates of the system, this technology allows to improve the permeability of the rock pumping high-pressure fluid from an injection well. With the injection of fluid, the stress equilibrium of the ro

A non-hydrostatic numerical model forced by tides has been adapted to the Strait of Gibraltar area to investigate the dynamics of the interface layer in the eastern part of the strait, namely the area that extends from the main sill of Camarinal to the eas ...

Dam break floods on steep slopes occur in diverse settings and can encompass natural events such as mudflows and avalanches as well as the failure of manmade dams. Laboratory experiments were undertaken to investigate the dam break flows of pure water down a variably sloping, rectangular fixed bed channel. A high-speed digital camera was used to track the flow. The images were processed to compute the front wave position and velocity, the maximum water height, the passing wave depth and the wave profile. Th

Block Stability in 3 Dimensions (BS3D) is an incremental-iterative algorithm and code to analyse general failure modes of rock blocks subjected to generic forces, including non-conservative forces such as water pressure. This algorithm is used to investigate the effect of high-velocity water jet impact on the stability of single rock blocks in plunge pools. After reviewing the literature, an approach is proposcd to estimate the dynamic water pressure fluctuations at the pool bottom and in rock fractures. Th

To investigate the mechanism of structural changes of a peptide nanotube and water confined inside the channel, the helical peptide tryptophylglycine monohydrate (WG-H2O) was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the three-dimension parallel MD program ddgmq (software package) and a consistent force field. Simulations were performed on both the water-containing system and a model system without water molecules. The details of the structural behavior with temperature are investigated for the e

In this first part of a 2 papers series, we present the experimental procedure for onboard measurement of pressure and strain fluctuation in a model of low head Francis turbine. 28 miniature pressure sensors are fitted in the pressure and suction sides of two consecutive blades. A specific technique for sensors mounting has been developed allowing a direct manufacturing of the pressure sensors in the runner blades. This prevents from any geometry alteration of the hydraulic profile. Furthermore, miniature p

We studied the changes in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell tone during the adaptation of rat common carotids to induced hypertension. Hypertension was induced in 8 week old male Wistar rats by total ligation of the aorta between the two kidneys. Mean blood pressure increased abruptly from 92 +/- 2mm Hg (mean +/- SE) to 145 +/- 4 mm Hg and remained constant thereafter. Rats were sacrificed 2, 4, 8, and 56 days after surgery and the left common carotid artery was excised for analysis. Pressure-diameter curve

The biomechanical adaptation of the arterial wall to hypertension has been studied extensively in recent years; however, the exact biomechanical contribution of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during the adaptation process in conduit vessels is not known. We induced hypertension in 8 wk old Wistar rats by total ligation of the aorta between the two kidneys. Mean blood pressure increased from 92 +/- 2 (mean +/- SE) mm Hg to approximately 150 mmHg. Rats were sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 d after surgery and the

Centimetre or millimetre of water

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The influence of plunge pool air entrainment on the presence of free air in rock joints

Genetic algorithm optimization of transient two-phase water pressures inside closed-end rock joints

Aerial–Aquatic robotics for safe and scalable biodiversity monitoring in polar environments

Performance and User Acceptance of GDM Filters for HWTS in a Rural Community of the Occupied Palestinian Territories

Calibration and deployment of POCIS and Chemcatcher for the monitoring of explosives on lake-bottom sediments

Viscosity fluid influence on stick-slip motions

The interface mixing layer and the tidal dynamics at the eastern part of the Strait of Gibraltar

Experimental Investigations of Dam Break Flows down an Inclined Channel.

Prediction of rock block stability and scour depth in plunge pools

Molecular dynamics study of tryptophylglycine: A dipeptide nanotube with confined water

Onboard Measurements of Pressure and Strain Fluctuations in a Model of low Head Francis Turbine. Part 1 : Instrumentation

Adaptation of conduit artery vascular smooth muscle tone to induced hypertension

Short-Term biomechanical adaptation of the rat carotid to acute hypertension: contribution of smooth muscle