The current density limit for photoemission from metals was measured in an rf photogun to be below 10(9) A/m(2). We have achieved 1.6 x 10(11) A/m(2) by photofield emission from a new type of photocathode made from a metallic-composite, multifilamentary Nb ...
Picosecond, flat-top, deep-UV pulses are needed to generate high-brightness electron beams to efficiently drive x-ray free electron lasers. Current metal photocathodes have low efficiency and therefore require high-energy pulses, and the generation of high ...
A method suitable for preparing a specimen for inspection, the method comprising the steps of: irradiating a photocathode so that the photocathode emits electrons from a surface of the photocathode, wherein the emitted electrons each follow a trajectory, a ...
We observed that hard X-ray irradiation modifies the wettability of a variety of inorganic materials. The smooth surfaces of all tested inorganic materials (ZnO, p-Si, Al2O3, SrTiO3, TiN, ZnS, CuO, Ag2O, and Cr2O3) change during it-radiation to a state of ...