We review the phenomena having an impact on the interaction between light, paper and color halftones. They comprise surface reflections and refractions at the air-paper interface, propagation of light within the paper, internal reflections at the paper-air ...
A sensor element (1, 20, 21, 22) capable of sensing more than one spectral band of electromagnetic radiation with the same (x-y) spatial location, especially where the dimensions x-y-z form a set of Cartesian coordinates with z parallel to the direction of ...
Bench-scale biocalorimetry (>=1 L) allows for the detn. of the metabolic heat flow during bioprocesses under complete control of all process conditions for extended periods of time. It can be combined with a no. of online and off-line measurement technique ...
Thermal comfort depends on heat exchanges of the body by conduction evapo-transpiration and convection to the air, and radiation to and from surrounding surfaces. Usual ways of sizing heating and cooling systems are based on homogeneous temperature in the ...
The radiant external environment may be described by two hemispheres, above and below the horizontal plane, which are discretised into patches of known solid angle. Occlusions to these patches may be combined and represented as some patch fraction for whic ...