New generation vaccines, which are subunit vaccines, have considerably improved safety profiles, but are often poorly immunogenic, especially when administered through mucosal routes. Also, the diversity of the mechanisms of action of infectious pathogens ...
Human enteric viruses in water sources cause a great public health risk. Conventional disinfection treatments are not able to completely inactive viruses. However, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently been shown to effectively inactivate patho ...
The emergence of recombinant DNA technology has shifted research towards developing subunit vaccines, which use protein or peptide antigens instead of live/attenuated pathogens. Recent research has also shown that the best way to get sustained immunity is ...