Threshold displacement energy

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Extant animals occupy only a slim fraction of the evolutionary design space, leaving many high-performance morphologies unexplored without living analogues for dynamic testing. While extinct lineages lack extant model systems for comparative biomechanics, their movement dynamics can be emulated through robophysical modeling. Here, we investigate the extreme weaponization of glyptodont tails - culminating in Doedicurus - utilizing a life-sized, high-fidelity palaeorobotic strike rig. Guided by comparative an

Biological machines operate under mechanical load, requiring architectures that simultaneously resist force and remain functionally dynamic. Type IV pili (T4P) are bacterial filaments that experience large tensile forces during motor-driven retraction. Here, we combine cryo-electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, optical tweezers, and functional analyses to define the structural basis of T4P mechanical adaptation. We determined a 2.8 Å cryo-EM structure of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa T4P and int

This study systematically investigates the effects of 45 MeV and 85 MeV Xe ions irradiation on the in-field performance and defect structures of 3.5 μm-thick MOD-YBCO superconducting tapes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations reveal that 85 MeV irradiation produces continuous columnar tracks, while 45 MeV irradiation mainly generates discontinuous tracks. In-field transport measurements show that the critical current of the sample has increased by 2.4 times at 4.2 K and 10 T, from 354 A-4mm

In the last few years several “universal” interatomic potentials have appeared, using machine-learning approaches to predict energy and forces of atomic configurations with arbitrary composition and structure, with an accuracy often comparable with that of the electronic-structure calculations they are trained on. Here we demonstrate that these generally-applicable models can also be built to predict explicitly the electronic structure of materials and molecules. We focus on the electronic density of states

Erbium (Er) is an attractive gain medium for amplifiers and lasers due to its long excited-state lifetime, low noise and nonlinearity, and temperature stability. Recently developed ultra-low-loss Si 3 N 4 photonic integrated circuits combined with Er ion implantation have enabled high-performance on-chip Er lasers, but manufacturing scalability has been limited by the high 2 MeV implantation required for tightly confined 700-nm-thick waveguides. Here we demonstrate the first fully wafer-scale, foundry-compa

We present the development and application of a collision tracking feature within the OpenMC Monte Carlo particle transport code, designed for diverse applications such as neutron spectroscopy, scatter camera system, neutron noise, and multiplicity counting simulations. This feature enables the tracking of individual particle collisions, with potential applications in nuclear nonproliferation, reactor physics, and nuclear security. Additionally, the feature holds potential for the calibration of neutron det

Mechano-chemical activation is of rapidly growing interest for producing cementitious constituents from clays. The chemical reactivity of clay minerals is enhanced during intensive grinding, due to mechano-chemical dehydroxylation and mechanically-induced amorphisation. The most widely used grinding apparatus for laboratory-scale studies is a planetary ball mill. It is still largely unknown whether activation efficacy is critically dependent on any individual milling parameter, or whether trade-offs are pos

Germanium (Ge) is a promising semiconductor for on-chip photonics, but its monolithic integration on silicon (Si) platforms remains hindered by thermal processes incompatible with CMOS technology. Flash-lamp annealing (FLA) emerges as a viable solution to reduce defect densities in epitaxial Ge films while maintaining CMOS-compatible thermal budgets. We demonstrate that multi-pulse FLA (7.65 ms, 48.1 J/cm²) achieves dislocation density reduction in epitaxial Ge-on-Si equivalent to conventional high-temperat

Understanding plant heat tolerance requires assessing their thermal thresholds, but commonly used methods have rarely been compared. Moreover, whether the photosynthetic machinery is irreversibly damaged past these thresholds remains unclear. We determined the critical temperature (Tcrit), the temperature causing a 50% reduction (T50), and the maximum tolerable temperature (Tmax) of photosystem II in Mediterranean cypress, Aleppo pine, and Scots pine saplings using 15- or 30-min heat exposure curves perform

This study presents a graph-based surrogate modeling framework for fast prediction of structural responses to support the preliminary design of multi-story buildings under static wind loads. Structures are encoded as graphs, with joints as nodes and beams and columns as edges, enriched by topological and physical attributes. Message-passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are trained on a synthetic dataset to learn a predictive mapping from structural form, load paths, and nodal structural responses. The model

III-V semiconductor nanowires have unique properties that make them ideal for advanced photodetectors on inexpensive substrates. For example, they exhibit enhanced or polarization-dependent light absorption, they can form complex heterostructures, and thei ...

We present here first principles hybrid functional calculations of the atomic and electronic structure of several iodine-related point defects in CsPbI3, a material relevant for photovoltaic applications. We show that the presence of neutral interstitial I ...

The morphology and structure of damaged regions (tracks) produced by swift heavy 167, 77, and 46 MeV 132Xe23+ ions in YBCO-based second generation industrial high temperature superconductors wires (2G HTS) were studied using transmission electron microscop ...

Particle motion within the leading edge of bidisperse gravity-driven granular flows is affected by particle size segregation. Shear-induced segregation causes coarse particles to move towards the upper layers. Then, these are advected down to the tip region, in which they are overrun and dragged back by the flow, while being stuck on the bottom. This phenomenon, called breaking size-segregation wave has been studied from a theoretical perspective, but there is a lack of experimental evidence1. Large particl

The threshold power for the transition into H-mode with hydrogen (H), deuterium (D), and helium (He) as majority ion species has been evaluated from a series of dedicated experiments on the tokamak TCV. Identical plasma configurations with a single-null X- ...

Using molecular dynamics simulations with recent interatomic potentials developed for Fe, we have studied the defects in thin films of pure bcc Fe induced by the displacement cascade produced by Fe atoms of 50, 100, and 150 keV impinging under a channeling ...

This work reports on irradiations made on silicon bulk-acoustic wave resonators. The resonators were based on a tuning fork geometry and actuated by a piezoelectric aluminum nitride layer. They had a resonance frequency of 150 kHz and a quality factor of about 20000 under vacuum. The susceptibility of the devices to radiation induced degradation was investigated using 60Co γ-rays and 50 MeV protons with space-relevant doses of up to 170 krad. The performance of the devices after irradiation indicated a high

Pure W and W-2Y(2)O(3) materials were fabricated using powder metallurgy method. The microstructures of the materials were investigated by electron back-scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Both materials contain 1-2 mu m ...

Two opposing approaches to include resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in fast ion simulations are compared, one where the vacuum field caused by the RMP current coils is added to the axisymmetric MHD equilibrium, the other where the MHD equilibrium inc ...

The aim of this project was to investigate and quantify the impact of certain early design decisions on the solar potential of a target building placed in an urban context. This was done through a parametric study based on the successive variation of specific design parameters: building height, distance, reflection and orientation. A Design of Experiment (DoE) approach was adopted with a 2-level fractional factorial design. For each new 3D model obtained, an irradiation simulation was conducted for the clim

Threshold displacement energy

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PALAEOROBOTICS UNCOVERS DEVASTATING MAMMALIAN TAIL STRIKE DYNAMICS

A structural trade-off balances mechanical resilience and supramolecular adaptability in type IV pili

Enhanced the In-Field Critical Current in Thick MOD-YBCO Films via Energy-Controlled Xe Ion Irradiation

A universal machine learning model for the electronic density of states

Wafer-scale manufacturing of ultra-broadband, high-power erbium-doped integrated lasers

Collision Tracking in OpenMC: Methods and Applications in Neutron Noise, Neutron Imaging, Time-of-Flight, and Multiplicity Counting

Relationships between milling input energy and chemical reactivity for mechanochemical activation of clays

Flash Lamp Annealing Enables Dislocation Density Reduction and Probing of Defect Dynamics in Epitaxial Germanium for On‑Chip Integration

Leaf Excision and Exposure Duration Alter the Estimates of the Irreversible Photosynthetic Thermal Thresholds

Graph Neural Networks for Fast Structural Analysis to support Interactive Design Decision-Making

Scalable Approaches to III-V Nanowires for Photodetection

First-principles calculations of iodine-related point defects in CsPbI3

Energy dependent structure of Xe ion tracks in YBCO and the effect on the superconductive properties in magnetic fields

Particle size-segregation in granular ows driven by a conveyor belt.

Threshold power for the transition into H-mode for H, D, and He plasmas in TCV

Molecular dynamics simulations of irradiation of alpha-Fe thin films with energetic Fe ions under channeling conditions

Evaluation of silicon tuning-fork resonators under space-relevant radiation conditions

Investigation of microstructure and microhardness of pure W and W-2Y(2)O(3) materials before and after ion-irradiation

Impact of RMP magnetic field simulation models on fast ion losses

The influence of early design decisions on solar potential at the urban scale - A parametric sensitivity analysis