Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) is one of the main constituents of Portland cement. Even though it represents less than 10% of the total composition, its strong reaction with water can lead to a rapid setting, called flash set. Gypsum is added to regulate this ...
Spangolite, Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl·3H2O, is a hydrated layered copper sulfate mineral. The Cu2+ ions of each layer form a systematically depleted triangular lattice which approximates a maple leaf lattice. We present details of the crystal structure, which sug ...
The production of Portland cement accounts for 5 to 8% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In the past years, the cement industry has attempted to reduce this contribution by the use of mineral additions on the cement or in the concrete mix. The typ ...
The consequences of external sulfate attack were investigated by traditional test methods, i.e. length and mass change, as well as by a newly developed, surface sensitive ultrasonic method, using Leaky Rayleigh waves (1 MHz). The macroscopic changes are di ...