Publication

Red-Light Tomographic Volumetric 3D Printing in Seconds for Fabrication of Colorless Structures

2026

Abstract

Non-pulsed red light photopolymerization is attractive for volumetric additive manufacturing because longer wavelengths can improve light penetration, lower scattering, and reduce photodamage compared with ultra-violet or blue irradiation. In this work, we utilized methylene blue and triethanolamine as a sacrificial type II photoinitiating system for poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel printing with a custom-made red-light tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing system. With the optimized formulation, PEGDA hydrogel structures were printed by red light within 30 s. The resulting constructs were colorless, extractable, and contained fully formed internal channels. This work establishes a type II photochemistry system as a promising route for extending tomographic volumetric 3D printing toward lower-energy visible-light irradiation and rapid fabrication of colorless hydrogel constructs.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/ff19166b-a275-41f9-86a3-32b8c681642a

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2026

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/ff19166b-a275-41f9-86a3-32b8c681642a

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight, and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun. It is also produced by electric arcs; Cherenkov radiation; and specialized lights; such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights. Although long-wavelength ultraviolet is not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, it can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.

3D printing

3D printing or additive manufacturing is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, with material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer. In the 1980s, 3D printing techniques were considered suitable only for the production of functional or aesthetic prototypes, and a more appropriate term for it at the time was rapid prototyping.

Light therapy

Light therapy, also called phototherapy or bright light therapy is the exposure to direct sunlight or artificial light at controlled wavelengths in order to treat a variety of medical disorders, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD), circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, cancers, and skin wound infections. Treating skin conditions such as neurodermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and eczema with ultraviolet light is called ultraviolet light therapy.