Publication

Comment on "Decreased Surface Tension of Water by Hard-X-Ray Irradiation'' Reply

Giorgio Margaritondo
2009
Journal Articles

Abstract

A Reply to the Comment by Byoung Jip Yoon.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/fc5beab9-ca4c-437f-8dca-6fb58b8db3a6

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Giorgio Margaritondo
2009
Journal Articles

Abstract

A Reply to the Comment by Byoung Jip Yoon.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/fc5beab9-ca4c-437f-8dca-6fb58b8db3a6

About this result

Related concepts (7)

Food irradiation

Food irradiation (sometimes radurization or radurisation) is the process of exposing food and food packaging to ionizing radiation, such as from gamma rays, x-rays, or electron beams. Food irradiation improves food safety and extends product shelf life (preservation) by effectively destroying organisms responsible for spoilage and foodborne illness, inhibits sprouting or ripening, and is a means of controlling insects and invasive pests. In the US, consumer perception of foods treated with irradiation is more negative than those processed by other means.

X-ray

X-ray radiation, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 picometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3e16Hz to 3e19Hz) and energies in the range 124 keV to 145 eV, respectively. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays.

Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel up to 99% of the speed of light, and the electromagnetic waves are on the high-energy portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays, X-rays, and the higher energy ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum are ionizing radiation, whereas the lower energy ultraviolet, visible light, nearly all types of laser light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves are non-ionizing radiation.

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