Publication

Equation of state of lead from high-pressure neutron diffraction up to 8.9 GPa and its implication for the NaCl pressure scale

Jonathan White
2014
Journal Articles

Abstract

From high-resolution neutron-diffraction experiments we present equation-of-state (EOS) data of elemental lead as functions of both temperature (80-298 K) and applied pressure (up to 8.9 GPa), with the pressure values derived from the NaCl pressure gauge. Based on Brown's 1999 NaCl EOS we find the bulk modulus of lead of B-0 = 41.2(2) GPa at 298 K to increase by 14% to B-0 = 47.0(5) GPa by 80 K. The ambient temperature value coincides within 0.35 GPa (1.7%) of the value determined from published ultrasonic data. The good agreement between the neutron and ultrasonic data deteriorates if pressure values are derived from Decker's 1971 scale. Our results hence lend significant support to Brown's revised NaCl pressure standard. Furthermore, the experimental results are compared with T = 0 K first-principles calculations.

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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/f75f4d52-422d-44fb-a3ce-f1e438e69930

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Jonathan White
2014
Journal Articles

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/f75f4d52-422d-44fb-a3ce-f1e438e69930

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Neutron

The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol _Neutron or _Neutron0, which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms. Since protons and neutrons behave similarly within the nucleus, and each has a mass of approximately one dalton, they are both referred to as nucleons. Their properties and interactions are described by nuclear physics. Protons and neutrons are not elementary particles; each is composed of three quarks.

Neutron diffraction

Neutron diffraction or elastic neutron scattering is the application of neutron scattering to the determination of the atomic and/or magnetic structure of a material. A sample to be examined is placed in a beam of thermal or cold neutrons to obtain a diffraction pattern that provides information of the structure of the material. The technique is similar to X-ray diffraction but due to their different scattering properties, neutrons and X-rays provide complementary information: X-Rays are suited for superficial analysis, strong x-rays from synchrotron radiation are suited for shallow depths or thin specimens, while neutrons having high penetration depth are suited for bulk samples.

Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure. Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems.

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Equation of state of lead from high-pressure neutron diffraction up to 8.9 GPa and its implication for the NaCl pressure scale

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