Comment on 'On the fusion triple product and fusion power gain of tokamak pilot plants and reactors', by A. Costley

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Combined high-fusion performance and long-pulse operation is one of the key integration challenges for fusion energy development in magnetic devices. Addressing these challenges requires an integrated vision of physics and engineering aspects with the purp ...

In order to cope with the decarbonization challenge faced by many countries, fusion is one of the few alternatives to fossil fuels for the production of electricity. Two devices invented in the middle of the previous century have emerged as the most promis ...

Plasma turbulence plays a fundamental role in determining the performances of magnetic confinement fusion devices, such as tokamaks. Advances in computer science, combined with the development of efficient physical models, have significantly improved our u ...

Nuclear fusion presents a promising clean energy source to mitigate future energy crises, with magnetic confinement fusion well-positioned to provide a baseload scenario to power future reactors. The unmitigated power exhaust of such reactors threatens its ...

Phase contrast imaging (PCI) is an established and powerful technique for measuring density fluctuations in plasmas and has been successfully applied to several fusion devices. Rooted in a concept first developed for microscopy, PCI belongs to the category ...

The performance of magnetic confinement fusion devices, such as tokamaks, is strongly correlated to the phenomena that occur in the boundary region of the plasma core that faces the wall of the device. The dominant cross-field transport mechanisms from the ...

In magnetic fusion devices, error field (EF) sources, spurious magnetic field perturbations, need to be identified and corrected for safe and stable (disruption-free) tokamak operation. Within Work Package Tokamak Exploitation RT04, a series of studies hav ...

DEMO will have a limited diagnostic set for optimization of reactor performance, and limited diagnostic coverage due to challenging reactor conditions. This poses challenges for control, especially for detachment control which is planned to be performed wi ...

MAST-U is equipped with on-axis and off-axis neutral beam injectors (NBI), and these external sources of super-Alfv & eacute;nic deuterium fast-ions provide opportunities for studying a wide range of phenomena relevant to the physics of alpha-particles in ...

Plasmas with negative triangularity (NT) shape have been recently shown to be able to achieve H-mode levels of confinement in L-mode, avoiding detrimental edge localised modes. Therefore, this plasma geometry is now studied as a possible viable option for ...

The official Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production mission aims to demonstrate the ability to generate net electricity from fusion with the STEP Prototype Power plant. One of the key technological and engineering challenges in fusion power plants is mana ...

The design point that had been chosen for EU DEMO in 2016 is reviewed here and a modification is proposed with a lower aspect ratio. Previously the same aspect ratio, A, was chosen for EU DEMO as in major tokamak experiments including ITER (A = 3.1), and, ...

Under the auspices of EUROfusion, the ITER baseline (IBL) scenario has been jointly investigated on AUG and TCV in the past years and this paper reports on the developments on TCV. It is found that the performance of TCV IBL is mainly limited by (neoclassi ...

The magnet feeders are part of the critical systems of a fusion reactor since they represent the interface between the in-cryostat components at 4.5 K and the room-temperature cryogenic plant and power supply. The European DEMO tokamak foresees 16 toroidal ...

Negative triangularity (NT) scenarios in TCV have been compared to positive triangularity (PT) scenarios using the same plasma shapes foreseen for divertor tokamak test tokamak operations. The experiments provided a NT/PT L-mode pair and a PT H-mode with d ...

The pre-thermal quench (pre-TQ) dynamics of a pure deuterium ( D 2 ) shattered pellet injection (SPI) into a 3 MA / 7 MJ JET H-mode plasma is studied via 3D non-linear MHD modelling with the JOREK code. The interpretative modelling captures the overall evo ...

Autonomous nuclear reactor monitoring is a key aspect of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s strategy to ensure nonproliferation treaty compliance. From the rise of small modular reactor technology, decentralized nuclear reactor fleets may strain the ...

A hybrid photothermal catalytic system, which combines both the photochemical (light) and thermal (heat) activation pathways over a bifunctional catalyst, has demonstrated remarkable levels of reaction activity and selectivity when compared with individual ...

Noise measurements in light water reactor systems aid in generating validation data for integral point kinetic parameter predictions and generating monitoring parameters for reactor safety and safeguards. The CROCUS zero-power reactor has been used to supp ...

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promising results for real-time control systems, including the domain of plasma magnetic control. However, there are still significant drawbacks compared to traditional feedback control approaches for magnetic confinem ...

Comment on 'On the fusion triple product and fusion power gain of tokamak pilot plants and reactors', by A. Costley

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Long plasma duration operation analyses with an international multi-machine (tokamaks and stellarators) database

Global fluid simulations of plasma turbulence in stellarators

Nonlinear simulation of plasma turbulence using a gyrokinetic moment-based approach

Experimental study and interpretative modelling of the Power Exhaust in Configurations with Multiple X-Points in TCV

Tangentially viewing phase contrast imaging for turbulence measurements in toroidal fusion devices

Divertor turbulence characterisation using Gas Puff Imaging in the TCV tokamak

Error field detection and correction studies towards ITER operation

Demonstration of a sparse sensor placement technique to the limited diagnostic set in a fusion power plant

Overview of fast particle experiments in the first MAST Upgrade experimental campaigns

First-principle based predictions of the effects of negative triangularity on DTT scenarios

Models implemented in the methodological approach to design the initial STEP first wall contour

Re-design of EU DEMO with a low aspect ratio

Progress in the development of the ITER baseline scenario in TCV

The magnet feeders for the European DEMO fusion reactor: Conceptual design and recent advances

Experiments and gyrokinetic simulations of TCV plasmas with negative triangularity in view of DTT operations

Interpretative 3D MHD modelling of deuterium SPI into a JET H-mode plasma

Gamma noise to non-invasively monitor nuclear research reactors

Heterogeneous catalysis via light-heat dual activation: A path to the breakthrough in C1 chemistry

Neutron-Gamma Noise Measurements in a Zero-Power Reactor Using Organic Scintillators

Towards practical reinforcement learning for tokamak magnetic control