Reduction of fibrous adhesion formation by a copolymer possessing an affinity for anionic surfaces

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The past two decades have witnessed an explosion of the use of dynamic bonds in polymer science. The β-dicarbonyl skeleton has emerged as a most versatile platform motif that has been utilized to synthesize a plethora of dynamic polymers that leverage either reversible metal-ligand coordination or exchangeable dynamic covalent bonds. The high modularity and intrinsic dynamic nature of the structures based on the β-dicarbonyl motif have received considerable interest across diverse fields, in applications th

Aqueous interfaces are ubiquitous in the forms of, such as, cell membranes in body, aerosols in the atmosphere, and emulsions in food and pharmacy industries. The processes and interactions occurring at these interfaces are governed by interfacial molecular physical and chemical properties. A molecular-level understanding of water is crucial for unraveling aqueous interfaces. In this thesis, we aim to investigate the molecular structure of water at various aqueous interfaces: water outside oil-in-water drop

We demonstrate how a combination of self-labeling protein tags and unnatural amino acid technology permits the semisynthesis of ratiometric fluorescent sensor proteins with unprecedented dynamic range in vitro and on live cells. To generate such a sensor, a binding protein is labeled with a fluorescent competitor of the analyte using SNAP-tag in conjugation with a second fluorophore that is positioned in vicinity of the binding site of the binding protein using unnatural amino acid technology. Binding of th

Nanostructures are known to exhibit novel optical, electrical, and magnetic and many other interesting physical properties and a lot of research has been invested on the synthesis and study of such structures in the recent years. The massive drive towards miniaturization of devices heavily relies on the successful functioning of nanostructures. Self-assembly (or the bottom-up approaches) is emerging as an attractive tool for creating functional nanostructures owing to its simplicity and relatively low cost

An increasing number of patients are being treated with growth hormone (GH) for the enhancement of body growth but also as an anti-aging strategy. However, the side effects of GH have been poorly defined. In this study we determined the effect of GH on wound repair and its mechanisms of action at the wound site. For this purpose, we performed wound healing studies in transgenic mice overexpressing GH. Full thickness incisional and excisional wounds of transgenic animals developed extensive, highly vasculari

The influence of the primary molecular parameters chain configuration, architecture and molecular weight (MW) on the mode of mechanical breakdown is discussed for two series of (amorphous) thermoplastic polymers, methyl methacrylate glutarimide copolymers and amorphous semi-aromatic polyamides. Structural and dynamic analyses and fracture mechanical methods applied to such adequately chemically modified (glassy) polymers permit us to show and to explain the effect of intrinsic variables on local molecular m

Placing concrete requires much more water than the cement needs for its hydration. This results in an important porosity in the hardened concrete, which accentuates the degradation of this material. By adding small amounts of polymeric admixtures, called superplasticizers, to the fresh concrete one can significantly reduce the amount of water required to obtain the suitable workability. The plasticizing effect of superplasticizers has been studied for many years, and remains today, an ongoing field of resea

Polyethylene block-copolymer films containing negative anhydride groups were used to immobilize TiO2, Fe2O3, and Fe3+ photocatalysts. The kinetics of the mineralization of azo-dye Orange II and chlorophenols on copolymer−TiO2, copolymer−Fe2O3, and copolymer−Fe3+ have been tested under optimized experimental conditions. In the case of copolymer−TiO2, the degradation kinetics for the model organic compounds were about the same as those observed with TiO2 suspensions containing about a 27 times higher amount o

Employing a combined filtration and pptn. method, the endotoxin concn. in sodium alginate (SA) and sodium cellulose sulfate (SCS) was reduced to a value of 200 EU/g polymer. This is one-tenth of the regulatory threshold calcd., e.g., for an appropriate bioartificial pancreas that consists of approx. 420,000 encapsulated islets of Langerhans. The low endotoxin (ET) levels were maintained below this threshold over a 6-mo storage period. The purifn. procedure of the polymers did not neg. influence the final mi

The construction of protein-like folding motifs as structurally stable scaffolds for the introduction of function represents a major goal in protein design. The use of topol. templates allows the bypass of the well-known folding problem of linear polypeptides and offers a way to mimic native packing topologies by the template directed self-assembly of helical and/or b-sheeted peptide blocks. In conceptually sepg. structure from function, a chimeric 4-helix bundle TASP (Template Assembled Synthetic Protein)

A kinetic model for solid-state polycondensation of nylon-6 was developed by extrapolation of the melt chemistry to the amorphous phase of the solid polymer. In this way, a phenomenological description of the process was obtained that required examining al1 possible influences of the semicrystalline structure on the kinetics, equilibrium, and transport phenomena in the polymer granules. Particularly, dramatic apparent kinetics and equilibria changes were postulated due to the confinement of reactive species

The goal of this work was to improve the potential of fibrin to promote nerve regeneration by enzymatically incorporating exogenous neurite-promoting heparin-binding peptides. The effects on neurite extension of four different heparin-binding peptides, derived from the heparin-binding domains of antithrombin III, neural cell adhesion molecule and platelet factor 4, were determined. These exogenous peptides were synthesized as bi-domain peptide chimeras, with the second domain being a substrate for factor XI

Equilibrium positions on the Li+-PEO and on the Cu++-PEO ground state potential energy surfaces have been determined by ab initio molecular dynamics. Our results confirm the previously proposed jump mechanism for ion diffusion in polymer electrolytes. The energy barriers for Li+ and Cu++ ionic diffusion along the PEO chain have been estimated. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.

A non-invasive probe has been devised and clinically used to perform in vivo measurements of the optical properties of the esophageal wall and oral cavity. The absorption and reduced scattering coefficients are determined from the observation of the spatial distribution of the diffuse reflectance at the tissue surface under a narrow beam illumination of the tissue. The determination of these two coefficients enables us to evaluate the value of the effective attenuation coefficient which is of major interest

The aim of this study was to optimize the properties of a lubricious bioerodible hydrogel barrier for the prevention of postoperative adhesions. Water-soluble macromers based on block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(lactic acid) or poly(glycolic acid) with terminal acrylate groups were used, and these macromers were gelled in vivo by exposure to long wavelength ultraviolet light. The precursor was photopolymerized from buffered saline solution while in contact with the tissues. This resul

We demonstrate that the combined application of Langmuir-Blodgett and self-assembly techniques allows the fabrication of patterns with contrasting surface properties on gold substrates. The process is monitored using fluoroscence microscopy and surface plasmon spectroscopy and microscopy. These structures are suitable for the investigation of biochem. processes at surfaces and in ultrathin films. Two examples of such processes are shown. In the first example, the structures are addressed through the binding

An in vitro flow system for short-term blood biocompatibility testing of solution-castable polymeric biomaterials was developed. This system was relatively free of artefacts resulting from blood contact with materials other than the test material itself. In conjunction with epifluorescence videomicroscopy and digital image processing, this method provided a high resolution, quantitative, continuous analysis of platelet adhesion, aggregation, thrombus formation, and embolization on the biomaterial surface. T

Reduction of fibrous adhesion formation by a copolymer possessing an affinity for anionic surfaces

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From β-Dicarbonyl Chemistry to Dynamic Polymers

Droplets inside out: Molecular level studies of water at nanoscale aqueous interfaces

A General Strategy for the Semisynthesis of Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor Proteins with Increased Dynamic Range

Tunable surface nanostructures from Block copolymer self-assembly

Transgenic mice reveal novel activities of growth hormone in wound repair, angiogenesis, and myofibroblast differentiation

Crazing and fracture in polymers. micromechanisms and effect of molecular variables

Adsorption de polycarboxylates et de lignosulfonates sur poudre modèle et ciments

Photodynamics and surface characterization of TiO2 and Fe2O3 photocatalysts immobilized on modified polyethylene films

Purification of polymeric biomaterials

Design and synthesis of a chimeric TASP molecule as potential inhibitor in cell adhesion processes

Kinetic studies and modeling of nylon-6 solid-state polycondensation

Incorporation of heparin-binding peptides into fibrin gels enhances neurite extension: an example of designer matrices in tissue engineering

Cu++ and Li+ interaction with polyethylene oxide by ab initio molecular dynamics

Clinical measurements of tissue optical properties in the esophagus and in the oral cavity

Optimization of photopolymerized bioerodible hydrogel properties for adhesion prevention

Biologically addressable monolayer structures formed by templates of sulfur-bearing molecules

The short-term blood biocompatibility of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) in an in vitro flow system measured by digital videomicroscopy