Publication

A 0.0257 mm <sup>2</sup>, 1.16 µW, Mask-Efficient KWS SoC with Hybrid Cap-ROM-IMC/SRAM-NMC and Transfer Learning for Flexible Multi-Keyword Recognition

2026

Abstract

Scaling always-on keyword spotting (KWS) system to larger vocabularies increases model size, driving higher memory and compute demands that push SoCs >100μW, with significant off-chip loading energy and area overhead. This work presents the first KWS SoC featuring a hybrid Cap-ROM-based in-memory computing (Cap-ROM-IMC)/5T-SRAM-based near-memory computing (SRAM-NMC) architecture with a transfer-learning based model supporting 20 keywords. Fabricated in 28 nm, the SoC achieves 92.1% accuracy on GSCD-v2 with the lowest reported power (1.16μW) and highest ROM memory density (2372.6KB/mm2) among prior arts.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/c9eee7b7-1e19-4193-9d3d-a5aba803851e

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2026

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/c9eee7b7-1e19-4193-9d3d-a5aba803851e

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Flash memory

Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use the same cell design, consisting of floating gate MOSFETs. They differ at the circuit level depending on whether the state of the bit line or word lines is pulled high or low: in NAND flash, the relationship between the bit line and the word lines resembles a NAND gate; in NOR flash, it resembles a NOR gate.

Semiconductor memory

Semiconductor memory is a digital electronic semiconductor device used for digital data storage, such as computer memory. It typically refers to devices in which data is stored within metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) memory cells on a silicon integrated circuit memory chip. There are numerous different types using different semiconductor technologies. The two main types of random-access memory (RAM) are static RAM (SRAM), which uses several transistors per memory cell, and dynamic RAM (DRAM), which uses a transistor and a MOS capacitor per cell.

Read-only memory

Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device. Read-only memory is useful for storing software that is rarely changed during the life of the system, also known as firmware. Software applications (like video games) for programmable devices can be distributed as plug-in cartridges containing ROM.