Ex-ante measure of patent quality reveals intrinsic fitness for citation-network growth

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Water distribution systems (WDSs) are complex networks with numerous interconnected junctions and pipes. The robustness and reliability of these systems are critically dependent on their network structure, necessitating detailed analysis for proactive leak ...

Description (through texts, images, models or samples) played a central role in the patent regimes that emerged in the eighteenth century, first in England, later in the United States and in France. Description ensured that the contract—protection in excha ...

This thesis investigates the economic effect of patents and the patent system through the lens of patent commercialisation. The thesis is composed of four chapters, where each chapter is an independent scientific paper. In the first chapter, we present a ...

We report the mechanism and modeling for the formation of cavitylike structures on a planar interface subjected to a perturbed shock wave. The cavity is distinguished from bubbles and spikes formed in the standard Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI). The t ...

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We study elastic ribbons subject to large, tensile pre-stress confined to a central region within the cross-section. These ribbons can buckle spontaneously to form helical shapes, featuring regions of alternating chirality (phases) that are separated by so ...

We study an energy market composed of producers who compete to supply energy to different markets and want to maximize their profits. The energy market is modeled by a graph representing a constrained power network where nodes represent the markets and lin ...

Governments have strong incentives to allow their inventors to free ride on foreign technologies. They can achieve this result by discriminating against foreigners in the patent system-by refusing to grant foreigners a patent for their inventions. Internat ...

This work investigates the benefits of a two-layer adaptive signal control framework combining multi-region perimeter control (PC) with distributed Max Pressure (MP) control in selected network intersections. Motivated by MP’s questionable performance in o ...

Traffic congestion constitutes one of the most frequent, yet challenging, problems to address in the urban space. Caused by the concentration of population, whose mobility needs surpass the serving capacity of urban networks, congestion cannot be resolved ...

Dimension is a fundamental property of objects and the space in which they are embedded. Yet ideal notions of dimension, as in Euclidean spaces, do not always translate to physical spaces, which can be constrained by boundaries and distorted by inhomogenei ...

Human voluntary movement stems from the coordinated activations in space and time of many musculoskeletal segments. However, the current methodological approaches to study human movement are still limited to the evaluation of the synergies among a few body ...

Goods can exhibit positive externalities impacting decisions of customers in social networks. Suppliers can integrate these externalities in their pricing strategies to increase their revenue. Besides optimizing the prize, suppliers also have to consider t ...

Concepts of type and typology are not specific to architecture. Rather they represent an interdisciplinary approach to ordering knowledge and gaining insight. In the field of architecture, the study of types and typology offers a didactic perspective that ...

Nitrogen seeded detachment has been achieved in the tokamak a configuration variable (TCV) in alternative divertor configurations (ADCs), namely X-divertor and X-point target, with and without baffles in H-mode plasmas with high core confinement. Both ADCs ...

Recently, random lasing in complex networks has shown efficient lasing over more than 50 localised modes, promoted by multiple scattering over the underlying graph. If controlled, these network lasers can lead to fast-switching multifunctional light source ...

Understanding epidemic propagation in large networks is an important but challenging task, especially since we usually lack information, and the information that we have is often counter-intuitive. An illustrative example is the dependence of the final siz ...

Network representations of complex systems are limited to pairwise interactions, but real-world systems often involve higher-order interactions. This Perspective looks at the new physics emerging from attempts to characterize these interactions. ...

Oscillators have two main limitations: their synchronization properties are limited (i.e., they have a finite synchronization region) and they have no memory of past interactions (i.e., they return to their intrinsic frequency whenever the entraining signa ...

We analyze about 200 naturally occurring networks with distinct dynamical origins to formally test whether the commonly assumed hypothesis of an underlying scale-free structure is generally viable. This has recently been questioned on the basis of statisti ...

Ex-ante measure of patent quality reveals intrinsic fitness for citation-network growth

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