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Ionic liquids can retard the perovskite crystallization with the aim to form compact films with larger and more uniformly distributed grain size. The ionic liquid driven crystallization is exploited to prepared a record planar perovskite solar cell with stabilized power output of 19.5%.
Michael Graetzel, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Felix Thomas Eickemeyer
Kevin Sivula, Jun Ho Yum, Parnian Ferdowsi