Limestone calcined clay cement and concrete: A state-of-the-art review

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Metakaolin-based geopolymers have substantial potential as replacements for cement, but their relatively inferior mechanical properties restrict their application. This paper aims to enhance the mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers by inco ...

The need to produce more sustainable concrete is proving imminent given the rising environmental concerns facing the industry. Blended cement concrete, based on any of the prominent supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, ground granul ...

Limestone calcined clays are a promising technology as they offer similar performance to OPC from 7 days onwards, while enabling a reduction of the clinker content of 50%. In some regions of the world like South America, pozzolanic cements (i.e., blended c ...

The kaolinite content is principally responsible for the durability performance of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3), which calls into question its global applicability. The clay supply has a significant impact on the LC3 system's reduced carbon footpri ...

LC3 is one of the most promising alternatives for a high-performance blended cement with a significantly lower clinker content and with potential for worldwide adoption. For this reason, understanding its long-term performance is relevant to ensure service ...

The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is widely considered the most promis-ing approach to reduce CO2 emissions relative to cement production. SCMs are not commonly present in binders used for special applications. On the other hand, due t ...

Depending on the environmental conditions, concrete materials can come into contact with sulfate ions which are widely present in rivers, underground water, sewers, seawater and soil. Sulfates can react with the cement paste in concrete and cause damage wh ...

The RILEM technical committee 282-CCL: Calcined Clays as Supplementary Cementitious Materials, investigates all the aspects related to calcined clays, from clay exploration and characterization to calcination process, hydration reactions and concrete prope ...

Partially replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with low-carbon supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in blended cement concrete (BCC) is perceived as the most promising route for sustainable concrete production. Despite having a lower environment ...

The inclusion of high specific surface materials such as calcined clays in cementitious systems enhances the hydration of clinker products at very early ages, but it may also increase water demand; thus, the pursuit of a flowing concrete may demand an incr ...

The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) to lower the clinker factor of cements is now commonplace, for it benefits performance, economics and ecology. This thesis focuses on ternary blends of limestone and calcined kaolinitic clays, two very ...

This paper details the main factors influencing the performance of limestone calcined clay cements (LC3). The kaolinite content plays a major role in the rheological properties as well as strength development. Even in the presence of secondary phases, kaol ...

The climate emergency requires the adoption of strategies and technologies that effectively reduce CO2 emissions in the short to midterm to keep the global temperature rise below 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels. Concrete is the substance most consu ...

This paper reports the strength-promoting mechanism of alkanolamines on limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3). The hydration kinetics, phase formation and microstructure of LC3 with triethanolamine (TEA) or triisopropanolamine (TIPA) were investigated. TEA ...

In this study, the C-A-S-H composition, morphology and density are characterized for Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3-50) blends containing clays with various kaolinite contents. Significant incorporation of aluminium is observed for LC3-50 blends compa ...

Factors which could explain the slowing down of the metakaolin reaction in LC3 blends are investigated. Portlandite availability and the presence of aluminium ions in the pore solution are shown not to be limiting factors. ...

The replacement of clinker with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is the most interesting solution to reduce the CO2 emissions from cement production. The abundant availability of clays, which have a sufficient amount of kaolinite content in Thai ...

This article presents a study on the creep properties of limestone calcined clay cement. A series of paste samples using limestone and calcined clays as replacement materials were tested under basic compressive creep. The ternary mixes showed a lower creep ...

This study aims to demonstrate the robustness of concrete made of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3). Two campaigns were carried out using 375 kg.m(-3) and 500 kg.m(-3) of binder and targeting plastic and self-placing workability, respectively. The concr ...

n limestone calcined clay cements (LC3), more hemicarboaluminate and monocarboaluminate is observed, as compared to other blended cements, from the reaction of metakaolin with limestone. In this study, it is shown that the formation of these carboaluminate ...

Limestone calcined clay cement and concrete: A state-of-the-art review

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Effects of Different Calcium Sources on Mechanical Properties of Metakaolin Geopolymers

Data-driven optimization tool for the functional, economic, and environmental properties of blended cement concrete using supplementary cementitious materials

Going Below 50% Clinker Factor in Limestone Calcined Clay Cements (LC3): A Comparison with Pozzolanic Cements from the South American Market

Influence of Low- to Medium-Kaolinite Clay on the Durability of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) Concrete

Microstructural developments of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) pastes after long-term (3 years) hydration

Hydration and durability of fast hardening binders incorporating supplementary cementitious materials

Resistance of cementitious materials to sulfate attack: quantifying performance with a reliable unidirectional approach

Hydration and mixture design of calcined clay blended cements: review by the RILEM TC 282-CCL

Pre-bcc: A novel integrated machine learning framework for predicting mechanical and durability properties of blended cement concrete

The Challenge of Grinding Ternary Blends Containing Calcined Clays and Limestone

Basic creep and autogenous shrinkage of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)

Impacting factors and properties of limestone calcined clay cements (LC3)

Limestone Calcined Clay Cements (LC3)

Strength-promoting mechanism of alkanolamines on limestone-calcined clay cement and the role of sulfate

Investigation of C-A-S-H composition, morphology and density in Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)

Understanding of the factors slowing down metakaolin reaction in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) at late ages

Investigation of the use of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) applied to Thailand

Basic creep of limestone-calcined clay cements: An experimental and numerical approach

Concrete Performance of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) Compared with Conventional Cements

The reaction between metakaolin and limestone and its effect in porosity refinement and mechanical properties