Publication

Introduction to Cavitation in Hydraulic Machinery

François Avellan
2004
Conference Papers

Abstract

Design, operation and refurbishment of hydraulic turbines, pumps or pump-turbine are strongly related to cavitation flow phenomena, which may occur in either the rotating runner-impeller or the stationary parts of the machine. The paper presents the cavitation phenomena featured by fluid machinery including type of cavity development related to the specific speed of machines in both pump and turbine mode, the influence of the operating conditions, such as load, head and submergence. Therefore, for each type of cavitation illustrated by flow visualization made at the EPFL testing facilities, the influence of cavitation development on machine efficiency, operation and integrity are discussed.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/bb5ae290-c3c1-4afa-aafb-4635dd840140

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François Avellan
2004
Conference Papers

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/bb5ae290-c3c1-4afa-aafb-4635dd840140

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Hydraulic fluid

A hydraulic fluid or hydraulic liquid is the medium by which power is transferred in hydraulic machinery. Common hydraulic fluids are based on mineral oil or water. Examples of equipment that might use hydraulic fluids are excavators and backhoes, hydraulic brakes, power steering systems, automatic transmissions, garbage trucks, aircraft flight control systems, lifts, and industrial machinery. Hydraulic systems like the ones mentioned above will work most efficiently if the hydraulic fluid used has zero compressibility.

Hydraulic machinery

Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to perform work. Heavy construction vehicles are a common example. In this type of machine, hydraulic fluid is pumped to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders throughout the machine and becomes pressurized according to the resistance present. The fluid is controlled directly or automatically by control valves and distributed through hoses, tubes, or pipes.

Cavitation

Cavitation is a phenomenon in which the static pressure of a liquid reduces to below the liquid's vapour pressure, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid. When subjected to higher pressure, these cavities, called "bubbles" or "voids", collapse and can generate shock waves that may damage machinery. These shock waves are strong when they are very close to the imploded bubble, but rapidly weaken as they propagate away from the implosion. Cavitation is a significant cause of wear in some engineering contexts.

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Introduction to Cavitation in Hydraulic Machinery

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