Publication

Cryogenic Performance of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes for Neutrino Detection

2025

Abstract

CMOS single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are regarded as highly promising photodetectors for studying neutrino interactions with liquid argon at cryogenic temperatures (CT). This paper shows the performance of CMOS-SPADs using GlobalFoundries 55 nm BCDLite technology at CT. SPADs with deep junctions were tested to determine their performance. We measured I-V characteristics, dark count rate (DCR), photon detection probability (PDP), and breakdown voltage at various temperatures ranging from CT to room temperature (RT). Measurements were conducted using a cryogenic probe station capable of reaching 4 K. The study explored the effects of CT on breakdown voltage and PDP, as well as the impact of tunneling and trap-assisted thermal generation noise on DCR. These findings offer new insights into SPAD performance at CT, supporting advancements in quantum sensing, high-energy physics, and low-temperature photon detection.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/babb75d3-f170-4ce1-a5fd-6859393b2a04

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2025

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/babb75d3-f170-4ce1-a5fd-6859393b2a04

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Neutrino detector

A neutrino detector is a physics apparatus which is designed to study neutrinos. Because neutrinos only weakly interact with other particles of matter, neutrino detectors must be very large to detect a significant number of neutrinos. Neutrino detectors are often built underground, to isolate the detector from cosmic rays and other background radiation. The field of neutrino astronomy is still very much in its infancy – the only confirmed extraterrestrial sources are the Sun and the supernova 1987A in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud.

Neutrino astronomy

Neutrino astronomy is the branch of astronomy that observes astronomical objects with neutrino detectors in special observatories. Neutrinos are created as a result of certain types of radioactive decay, nuclear reactions such as those that take place in the Sun or high energy astrophysical phenomena, in nuclear reactors, or when cosmic rays hit atoms in the atmosphere. Neutrinos rarely interact with matter, meaning that it is unlikely for them to scatter along their trajectory, unlike photons.

Neutrino oscillation

Neutrino oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a neutrino created with a specific lepton family number ("lepton flavor": electron, muon, or tau) can later be measured to have a different lepton family number. The probability of measuring a particular flavor for a neutrino varies between three known states, as it propagates through space. First predicted by Bruno Pontecorvo in 1957, neutrino oscillation has since been observed by a multitude of experiments in several different contexts.

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Cryogenic Performance of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes for Neutrino Detection

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