Publication

Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conduction in Layered Hybrid Halide Perovskites

Michael Graetzel
2026

Abstract

Mixed ionic–electronic conductivity of metal halide perovskites is a critical factor determining their application in optoelectronics, as well as the emerging field of optoionics. In particular, ionic migration in response to voltage bias and light contributes to the operational instability of halide perovskite materials and devices. A promising strategy to control ion migration is dimensional reduction, achieved by incorporating bulky organic cations between inorganic slabs to form two‐dimensional or layered hybrid halide perovskites. In this perspective article, we discuss the mixed conductivity of layered halide perovskite materials and the impact on the operational stability of perovskite optoelectronics and emerging applications.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/a9037d99-cae4-44c5-b130-83e5d45451d1

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Michael Graetzel
2026

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/a9037d99-cae4-44c5-b130-83e5d45451d1

About this result

Related concepts (25)

Valence and conduction bands

In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states. On a graph of the electronic band structure of a semiconducting material, the valence band is located below the Fermi level, while the conduction band is located above it.

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A perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a type of solar cell that includes a perovskite-structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic–inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting active layer. Perovskite materials, such as methylammonium lead halides and all-inorganic cesium lead halide, are cheap to produce and simple to manufacture. Solar-cell efficiencies of laboratory-scale devices using these materials have increased from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.

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Electrical resistivity (also called volume resistivity or specific electrical resistance) is a fundamental specific property of a material that measures its electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current. Resistivity is commonly represented by the Greek letter ρ (rho). The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m).

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Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conduction in Layered Hybrid Halide Perovskites

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