Publication

Longitudinal emittance improvement at an x-ray free-electron laser by shortening the injector laser pulse duration

2026

Abstract

The performance of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) strongly depends on the longitudinal emittance of the electron beam. We show that by reducing the injector drive laser pulse duration, the electron beam peak current can be increased by a factor of 2 or more, resulting in a significant improvement in longitudinal emittance. Comprehensive simulations and measurements carried out at SwissFEL confirm the expected trade-off of moderately higher transverse emittance. This simple approach can be readily adapted to other XFEL facilities.

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2026

Abstract

Official source

Related concepts (27)

Free-electron laser

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a (fourth generation) light source producing extremely brilliant and short pulses of radiation. An FEL functions and behaves in many ways like a laser, but instead of using stimulated emission from atomic or molecular excitations, it employs relativistic electrons as a gain medium. Radiation is generated by a bunch of electrons passing through a magnetic structure (called undulator or wiggler).

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique based on the photoelectric effect that can identify the elements that exist within a material (elemental composition) or are covering its surface, as well as their chemical state, and the overall electronic structure and density of the electronic states in the material. XPS is a powerful measurement technique because it not only shows what elements are present, but also what other elements they are bonded to.

X-ray fluorescence

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by being bombarded with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science, archaeology and art objects such as paintings.

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Longitudinal emittance improvement at an x-ray free-electron laser by shortening the injector laser pulse duration

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