Dual-Biosensor for Five Drugs Detection in Precision Oncology

The increasing demand for precision medicine, particularly in oncology, requires innovative solutions to address patient-specific inter-individual variability in drug response. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is crucial for optimizing treatment efficacy and minimizing toxic side effects, enabling precise dosage adjustments tailored to the patient’s individual metabolic profile. Electrochemical biosensors offer a cost-effective, simple, and portable solution with rapid response times, making them ideal for point-of-care applications. In this work, we propose a novel dual-biosensor platform for TDM, designed to simultaneously detect multiple chemotherapeutic agents–cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil–for precision oncology. Following real clinical treatment scenarios, the system uses only two working electrodes integrated into a single electrochemical sensing platform, significantly reducing complexity and cost. By integrating MWCNTs with cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2B6), our platform achieves enhanced electron transfer and substrate specificity, enabling sensitive and selective detection of the five chemotherapeutic drugs, individually and in combination, within clinically relevant ranges. Designed for portability and rapid analysis, this dual-biosensor platform enables real-time, cost-effective drug monitoring at the point-of-care, advancing personalized cancer treatment with greater precision and accessibility.