Laser-pumped double-resonance atomic clock using a micro-fabricated Rb cell

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Ultrafast lasers have led to numerous advances across science and technology: they enabled corneal surgery1, revealed chemical reaction dynamics2 and triggered the development of optical atomic clocks3. Over the past decades, extensive efforts have aimed to realize mode-locked lasers based on photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that are compact, manufactured at wafer scale and are compatible with further on-chip functionalities4,5,6. Yet, existing demonstrations to date lack the pulse energy required to dri

Recent progress in ultrafast x-ray sources helped establish x-rays as an important tool for probing lattice and magnetic dynamics initiated by femtosecond optical pulses. Here, we explore the potential of ultrashort hard x-ray pulses for driving magnetic dynamics. We use a transient grating technique in which a spatially periodic x-ray excitation pattern gives rise to material excitations at a well-defined wave vector, whose dynamics are monitored via diffraction of an optical probe pulse. The excitation of

Superconducting microwave resonators have recently gained a primary importance in the development of cryogenic applications, such as circuit quantum electrodynamics, electron spin resonance spectroscopy and particles detection for high-energy physics and astrophysics. In this work, we investigate the influence of the film thickness on the temperature response of microfabricated Nb50Ti50 superconducting resonators. S-shaped split ring resonators (S-SRRs), approximately 20nm to 150nm thick, are designed to be

The field of nonlinear integrated photonics has seen significant advancements, particularly with the emergence of microresonator-based frequency combs, or 'microcombs', which facilitate various applications including frequency metrology, optical computing, and telecommunications. Meanwhile, the interaction between light and free electrons has been a subject of extensive research due to its potential for electron imaging, spectroscopy, attosecond physics, quantum optics, and free-electron radiation. In our r

Nanocavities formed by ultrathin metallic gaps, such as the nanoparticle-on-mirror geometry, permit the reproducible engineering and enhancement of light-matter interaction thanks to mode volumes reaching the smallest values allowed by quantum mechanics. Although a large body of experimental data has confirmed theoretical predictions regarding the dramatically enhanced vacuum field in metallic nanogaps, much fewer studies have examined the far-field to near-field input coupling. Estimates of this quantity u

The series of precisely spaced, sharp spectral lines that form an optical frequency comb is enabling unprecedented measurement capabilities and new applications in a wide range of topics that include precision spectroscopy, atomic clocks, ultracold gases, and molecular fingerprinting. A new optical frequency comb generation principle has emerged that uses parametric frequency conversion in high resonance quality factor (Q) microresonators. This approach provides access to high repetition rates in the range

In this work we demonstrate an integrated air-gap etalon that enables single wavelength operation and tuning ability for optofluidic dye laser. The integrated elastomeric air-gap etalon is controlled by air pressure. The chip was fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via replica molding. It comprises a liquid waveguide and micro-scale air-gap mirrors providing the feedback. The lasing wavelength is chosen by the interference between two parallel PDMS-air interfaces inside the internal tunable air-gap

The behavior of dielectric loss in SrTiO3 thin films at different microwave frequencies under the dc bias voltage applied is analyzed. Two types of differently processed SrTiO3 thin films (as deposited and oxygen-annealed) deposited by the pulse laser deposition technique onto MgO single crystal substrate are investigated. The half-wave microstrip resonator with the resonance frequencies being 8 and 16 GHz at the first and second resonance modes respectively was used for the microwave characterization of th

We have measured the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra at the Cu L-3 edge in a variety of cuprates. Exploiting a considerably improved energy resolution (0.8 eV) we recorded significant dependencies on the sample composition and orientation, on the scattering geometry, and on the incident photon polarization. The RIXS final states correspond to two families of electronic excitations, having local (dd excitations) and nonlocal (charge-transfer) character. The dd energy splitting can be estim

AFM-based single molecule force spectroscopy has developed into a standard method to gain information about molecular elasticities, internal structural transitions and binding forces and kinetics of single (bio-)+molecules. The sensitivity and the resolution of these force spectroscopy measurements are inherently connected to the properties of the cantilevers used in these experiments. The spring constant of the cantilever determines its sensitivity, due to Hooke's law. The coefficient of viscous damping an

The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed characterization of a dual-wavelength VCSEL - the BiVCSEL. This device consists of two active optical cavities, which share a coupling mirror and can be independently electrically pumped. We present the output powers for the two emitted wavelengths (short - lambda(S), long - lambda(L)) versus the currents in the two cavities (I-TOP, I-BOT). These (lambda(S), lambda(L))-(I-TOP, I-BOT) maps identify the different regimes of operation of the BiVCSEL: emission

Spectroscopic measurements on ethylene were performed using a quasi-room-temperature quantum cascade (QC) laser operated in pulsed mode in the 10.3 μm range. Using transmission spectroscopy, a broadening of the ethylene absorption spectrum was observed with increasing laser pulse duration, due to an increase of the laser linewidth. This linewidth was determined from the measured absorption spectra, showing a value of 0.04 cm-1 for a 20 ns pulse duration and an enhancement coefficient of 6.5 × 10-3 cm -1 per

A complete set-up for local annealing of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) is proposed. Such alloys, when plastically deformed at a given low temperature, have the ability to recover a previously memorised shape simply by heating up to a higher temperature. They find more and more applications in the fields of robotics and micro engineering. There is a tremendous advantage in using local annealing because this process can produce monolithic parts, which have different mechanical behavior at different location of th

A dual axis, raster-scanning laser display based on a monolithic micromachined scanning mirror is presented. The scanner consists of a micromirror located at the end of a thermally actuated bimorph beam. The novelty of the device is that an "L"-shape cantilever, which is simultaneously excited at non-resonance (frame scanning) and at resonance (raster scanning), gives the two orthogonal angular motions. The high sensitivity of the thermal bimorph actuator allows a low frequency (nonresonant) movement of the

We report the first demonstration of an extremely simple and efficient 1.24 μm phosphosilicate fiber-based Raman laser with Bragg gratings written directly in the fiber used. The laser pumped by Nd fiber laser exhibits a slope efficiency of 80%

We have measured the ultrafast simultaneous cross-gain and laser mode dynamics in a gain-clamped semiconductor amplifier perturbed by an intense detuned 150 fs pump pulse. Besides relaxation oscillations, we demonstrate the instantaneous formation of a dark pulse in the laser mode that repeats itself with a period given by the cavity round-trip time. The dark pulse sequence subsequently decays into two-mode beating and is shown to weakly cross modulate the amplifier gain. To describe dark-pulse formation a

The purpose of my thesis is to provide a theoretical analysis of the dynamics of optically excited carriers in semiconductor confined systems. In particular, I will focus the investigations on the effects due to the presence of a strong electron-hole Coulomb correlation. The Coulomb interaction leads to the formation of hydrogen-like bound states called excitons. The dynamics of these states is investigated in bare and cavity embedded quantum wells, and in quantum wires. I have investigated the dynamics of

A monolithic silicon integrated optical micro-scanner is presented. The device consists of a mirror located an the tip of a thermal bimorph actuator beam. The fabrication process is very simple and compatible with IC fabrication techniques. The device is excited electrothermomechanically at its resonance frequency, enabling large angular deflections at low power consumption. The technological process consists of basic frontside silicon micromachining steps requiring only three mask levels. The moving part i

Rare-earth doped fibers can be used to realize simple, compact sources of ultrashort pulses. To date, considerable effort has been developed to obtain short pulse generation in Er3+-doped fiber lasers at 1.55 μm. Contrary to this, little work has been done on Pr3+-doped fiber lasers emitting an important 1.3 μm. This report describes an all-fiber laser incorporating a Pr3+-doped active fiber, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as cavity mirrors, and a novel piezoelectric fiber-optic phase modulator (PFOM) for acti

Single-pass Raman cells pumped by either a quadrupled Nd:YAG (266-nm) laser or a KrF excimer laser are studied. The Raman-active gases comprise H2, D2, or CH4, as well as a mixt. of them, with the addn. of He, Ne, or Ar. A parametric study, in which the Stokes conversion efficiency and the beam quality (M2) were measured, was made. The first Stokes efficiency increases and all the Stokes thresholds decrease with an increase in the lens focal length or the M2 parameter of the pump beam. The quality of the St

Laser-pumped double-resonance atomic clock using a micro-fabricated Rb cell

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