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We report Raman spectroscopy in all four phases of a (K0.5+delta Na0.5-delta)NbO3 (delta similar to 0.03) crystal and ((K0.5+delta Na0.5-delta)(1-x)Li-x)NbO3 for x=0.02 and 0.03. The phase transitions in the Li-free crystal are homogeneous and hysteretic, with no mixed-phase region between the rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases. Raman spectra in the lowest-temperature phase in the Li-doped material differ significantly from those at x=0 and suggest a structural phase boundary at a Li concentration of less than 2%.
Christophe Marcel Georges Galland, Wen Chen, Sakthi Priya Amirtharaj, Konstantin Malchow, Zhiyuan Xie