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Background Gypsum Hill Spring, located in Nunavut in the Canadian High Arctic, is a rare example of a cold saline spring arising through thick permafrost. It perennially discharges cold (similar to 7 degrees C), hypersaline (7-8% salinity), anoxic (similar to 0.04 ppm O-2), and highly reducing (similar to - 430 mV) brines rich in sulfate (2.2 g.L-1) and sulfide (9.5 ppm), making Gypsum Hill an analog to putative sulfate-rich briny habitats on extraterrestrial bodies such as Mars.
Christof Holliger, Aline Sondra Adler, Jaspreet Singh Saini, Laetitia Janine Andrée Cardona, Ruizhe Pei