Tubulin engineering by semi-synthesis reveals that polyglutamylation directs detyrosination

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Microtubules serve as tracks for long-range intracellular trafficking of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), but the role of this process in skeletal muscle and insulin resistance is unclear. Here, we used fixed and live-cell imaging to study microtubule-based ...

Centrioles are eukaryotic organelles that template the formation of cilia and flagella, as well as organize the microtubule network and the mitotic spindle in animal cells. Centrioles have proximal-distal polarity and a 9 fold radial symmetry imparted by a ...

Epigenetics research focuses on the study of heritable gene regulatory mechanisms that do not involve changes of the DNA sequence. Such mechanisms include post-translational modifications of histone proteins that organize the genome in the nucleus into a n ...

Dynamic regulation of chromatin, a structure consisting of DNA and histone proteins, is mediated through histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and effector proteins. HP1a and PRC2 are recruited to repressive PTMs (H3K9me3, H3K27me3) and enable he ...

Eukaryotic DNA is organized in the form of chromatin whose basic unit is the nucleosome. The four core histones forming the nucleosome, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 can be highly post-translationally modified, especially on their N-terminal tail protruding from the ...

Centrioles are microtubule-based organelles found in most eukaryotic cells and that are critical for the formation of cilia and flagella, as well as of centrosomes in animal cells. The number of centrioles must be strictly regulated in proliferating cells ...

At its most fundamental level, touch sensation requires the translation of mechanical energy into mechanosensitive ion channel opening, thereby generating electro-chemical signals. Our understanding of this process, especially how the cytoskeleton influenc ...

The ninefold radial arrangement of microtubule triplets (MTTs) is the hallmark of the centriole, a conserved organelle crucial for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Although strong cohesion between MTTs is critical to resist forces applied by ciliary ...

In 1995, in the Biochemical Society Transactions, Mundy published the first review on CLIMP-63 (cytoskeletonlinking membrane protein 63) or CKPA4 (cytoskeleton-associated protein 4), initially just p63 [1]. Here we review the following 20 years of research ...

Centrioles are microtubule-based organelles important for the formation of cilia, flagella and centrosomes. Despite progress in understanding the underlying assembly mechanisms, how centriole integrity is ensured is incompletely understood, including in sp ...

Centrioles must be eliminated or inactivated from the oocyte to ensure that only the two functional centrioles contributed by the sperm are present in the zygote. Such removal can occur during oogenesis, as in Drosophila, where departure of Polo kinase fro ...

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene represent the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas common variation at the LRRK2 locus is associated with an increased risk of idiopathic PD. Considerable progress has be ...

In eukaryotic cells, the genome is packaged into chromatin and exists in different states, ranging from open euchromatic regions to highly condensed heterochromatic regions. Chromatin states are highly dynamic and are organized by an interplay of histone p ...

We propose a methodology for the study of protein-DNA electrostatic interactions and apply it to clarify the effect of histone tails in nucleosomes. This method can be used to correlate electrostatic interactions to structural and functional features of pr ...

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in expanding the protein diversity and are one of the major mechanisms through which cells respond to ever changing environmental cues. The function of two of the most important cellular c ...

Microtubule doublets (MTDs), consisting of an incomplete B-microtubule at the surface of a complete A-microtubule, provide a structural scaffold mediating intraflagellar transport and ciliary beating. Despite the fundamental role of MTDs, the molecular mec ...

A variety of methods have been employed to study the impact of posttranslational modifications on Tau protein function. Here, a semisynthesis strategy is described that enables selective modification within the central repeat domain of Tau4 (residues 291-3 ...

Central to the biological function of microtubules. is their ability to modify their length which occurs by addition and removal of subunits at the ends of the polymer, both in vivo and in vitro. This dynamic behavior is strongly influenced by temperature. ...

Protein concentration gradients pattern developing organisms and single cells. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe rod-shaped cells, Pom1 kinase forms gradients with maxima at cell poles. Pom1 controls the timing of mitotic entry by inhibiting Cdr2, which forms s ...

Formation of the microtubule-based centriole is a poorly understood process that is crucial for duplication of the centrosome, the principal microtubule-organizing center of animal cells . Five proteins have been identified as being essential for centriole ...

Tubulin engineering by semi-synthesis reveals that polyglutamylation directs detyrosination

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Microtubule-mediated GLUT4 trafficking is disrupted in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle

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Applying Peptide and Protein Synthesis to Study Post-translational Modifications in Epigenetics and Beyond

Dynamic protein-chromatin interactions in heterochromatin and during the DNA damage response on the single molecule level

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Chemical Genetic Screen Identifies Natural Products that Modulate Centriole Number

Acetylated tubulin is essential for touch sensation in mice

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How many lives does CLIMP-63 have?

SAS-1 Is a C2 Domain Protein Critical for Centriole Integrity in C. elegans

Centriole foci persist in starfish oocytes despite Polo-like kinase 1 inactivation or loss of microtubule nucleation activity

Mechanisms of LRRK2-Mediated Neurodegeneration

Observing protein interaction dynamics to chemically defined chromatin fibers by colocalization single-molecule fluorescence microscopy

The role of histone tails in nucleosome stability: An electrostatic perspective

Protein Engineering Tools to Explore the Function of Protein Post-Translational Modifications for Chromatin and Microtubule Cytoskeletal Biology

Flagellar microtubule doublet assembly in vitro reveals a regulatory role of tubulin C-terminal tails

Single Posttranslational Modifications in the Central Repeat Domains of Tau4 Impact its Aggregation and Tubulin Binding

Temperature-Dependent Elasticity of Microtubules

Multi-phosphorylation reaction and clustering tune Pom1 gradient mid-cell levels according to cell size

Sequential Protein Recruitment in C. elegans Centriole Formation