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Ethological computational psychiatry: Challenges and opportunities

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Differential Impact of Brain Network Efficiency on Poststroke Motor and Attentional Deficits

Dimitri Nestor Alice Van De Ville, Philip Egger, Nathalie Heidi Meyer, Elena Beanato, Gabriel Girard, Julia Brügger, Friedhelm Christoph Hummel, Takuya Morishita, Maximilian Jonas Wessel, Philipp Johannes Koch, Giorgia Giulia Evangelista, Andéol Geoffroy Cadic-Melchior, Diego de Leon Rodriguez, Martino Bruno Armando Ceroni, Lisa Aïcha Mireille Julie Fleury

Background:Most studies on stroke have been designed to examine one deficit in isolation; yet, survivors often have multiple deficits in different domains. While the mechanisms underlying multiple-domain deficits remain poorly understood, network-theoretic ...

2023

Brain Fingerprinting Using Fmri Spectral Signatures On High-Resolution Cortical Graphs

Dimitri Nestor Alice Van De Ville, Hamid Behjat, Maria Giulia Preti, Stefano Moia

Resting-state fMRI has proven to entail subject-specific signatures that can serve as a fingerprint to identify individuals. Conventional methods are based on building a connectivity matrix based on correlation between the average time course of pairs of b ...

IEEE2023

The Cerebellum and Cognitive Function: Anatomical Evidence from a Transdiagnostic Sample

Farnaz Delavari

Multiple lines of evidence across human functional, lesion, and animal data point to a cerebellar role, in particular of crus I, crus II, and lobule VIIB, in cognitive function. However, a mapping of distinct facets of cognitive function to cerebellar stru ...

Springer2023

Out of their minds? Externalist challenges for using AI in forensic psychiatry

Marcello Ienca

Harnessing the power of machine learning (ML) and other Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques promises substantial improvements across forensic psychiatry, supposedly offering more objective evaluations and predictions. However, AI-based predictions abou ...

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2023

An Ontology-based Engineering system to support aircraft manufacturing system design

Xiaochen Zheng, Jinzhi Lu

During the conceptual design phase of an aircraft manufacturing system, different industrial scenarios need to be evaluated against performance indicators in a collaborative engineering process. Domain experts' knowledge and the motivations for decision-ma ...

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2023

BLACK-BOX ATTACKS ON IMAGE ACTIVITY PREDICTION AND ITS NATURAL LANGUAGE EXPLANATIONS

Andrea Cavallaro

Explainable AI (XAI) methods aim to describe the decision process of deep neural networks. Early XAI methods produced visual explanations, whereas more recent techniques generate multimodal explanations that include textual information and visual represent ...

Ieee Computer Soc2023

Sharpening the blades of the dentate gyrus: how adult-born neurons differentially modulate diverse aspects of hippocampal learning and memory

Gabriel Berdugo Vega

For decades, the mammalian hippocampus has been the focus of cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Long recognized as the brain's seat for learning and memory, a ...

WILEY2023

Transcriptomic analysis reveals mitochondrial pathways associated with distinct adolescent behavioral phenotypes and stress response

Maria del Carmen Sandi Perez, Dogukan Hazar Ülgen

Adolescent individuals exhibit great variability in cortical dynamics and behavioral outcomes. The developing adolescent brain is highly sensitive to social experiences and environmental insults, influencing how personality traits emerge. A distinct patter ...

2023

CDKL5 sculpts functional callosal connectivity to promote cognitive flexibility

Valerio Zerbi

Functional and structural connectivity alterations in short- and long-range projections have been reported across neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Interhemispheric callosal projection neurons (CPN) represent one of the major long-range projections in th ...

SPRINGERNATURE2023

Noninvasive deep brain stimulation to modulate human behavior by means of transcranial temporal interference electrical stimulation

Elena Beanato

All functions we use in our everyday life depend on a complex interplay between both cortical and subcortical brain areas, communicating in between each others. When a region is affected by either an accident, aging or neurodegenerative diseases, the whole ...

EPFL2023

Bayesian reconstruction of memories stored in neural networks from their connectivity

Florent Gérard Krzakala, Lenka Zdeborová

The advent of comprehensive synaptic wiring diagrams of large neural circuits has created the field of connectomics and given rise to a number of open research questions. One such question is whether it is possible to reconstruct the information stored in ...

2023

Cannabis use, cannabis use disorder and mental health disorders among pregnant and postpartum women in the US: A nationally representative study

Aaron Leor Sarvet

Background: Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are associated with mental health disorders, however the extent of this matter among pregnant and recently postpartum (e.g., new moms) women in the US is un-known. Associations between cannabis use, ...

2023

Learnable latent embeddings for joint behavioural and neural analysis

Mackenzie Mathis, Steffen Schneider

Mapping behavioural actions to neural activity is a fundamental goal of neuroscience. As our ability to record large neural and behavioural data increases, there is growing interest in modelling neural dynamics during adaptive behaviours to probe neural re ...

NATURE PORTFOLIO2023

Do we really measure what we think we are measuring?

Michael Herzog, Simona Adele Garobbio, Janir Nuno Ramos Antunes Da Cruz, Dario Alejandro Gordillo Lopez

Tests used in the empirical sciences are often (implicitly) assumed to be representative of a given research question in the sense that similar tests should lead to similar results. Here, we show that this assumption is not always valid. We illustrate our ...

Cell Press2023