Copolymer-Templated Nickel Oxide for High-Efficiency Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells in Inverted Architecture

Despite the outstanding role of mesoscopic structures on the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the regular (n-i-p) architecture, mesoscopic PSCs in inverted (p-i-n) architecture have rarely been reported. Herein, an efficient and stable mesoscopic NiOx (mp-NiOx) scaffold formed via a simple and low-cost triblock copolymer template-assisted strategy is employed, and this mp-NiOx film is utilized as a hole transport layer (HTL) in PSCs, for the first time. Promisingly, this approach allows the fabrication of homogenous, crack-free, and robust 150 nm thick mp-NiOx HTLs through a facile chemical approach. Such a high-quality templated mp-NiOx structure promotes the growth of the perovskite film yielding better surface coverage and enlarged grains. These desired structural and morphological features effectively translate into improved charge extraction, accelerated charge transportation, and suppressed trap-assisted recombination. Ultimately, a considerable efficiency of 20.2% is achieved with negligible hysteresis which is among the highest efficiencies for mp-NiOx based inverted PSCs so far. Moreover, mesoscopic devices indicate higher long-term stability under ambient conditions compared to planar devices. Overall, these results may set new benchmarks in terms of performance for mesoscopic inverted PSCs employing templated mp-NiOx films as highly efficient, stable, and easy fabricated HTLs.