Publication

Space charge effects as a source of electron energy spread and efficiency degradation in gyrotrons

Petri Nikkola
2000
Journal Articles

Abstract

Space charge effects (so-called negative-mass instability) as the reason for electron energy spread developing in the region of the electron drift between the cathode and the cavity of a gyrotron are discussed. The quasioptical gyrotron working at third harmonic that is developed at Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, is used to demonstrate the expected efficiency degradation.

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Petri Nikkola
2000
Journal Articles

Abstract

Official source

Related concepts (22)

Electron

The electron (_Electron or _beta-) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. The electron's mass is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton. Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value, expressed in units of the reduced Planck constant, ħ.

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Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a form of electron microscopy in which a material is exposed to a beam of electrons with a known, narrow range of kinetic energies. Some of the electrons will undergo inelastic scattering, which means that they lose energy and have their paths slightly and randomly deflected. The amount of energy loss can be measured via an electron spectrometer and interpreted in terms of what caused the energy loss.

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device.

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Space charge effects as a source of electron energy spread and efficiency degradation in gyrotrons

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