Lactate release from astrocytes to neurons contributes to cocaine memory formation

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BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder remains a critical health care challenge because current therapeutic strategies have limitations that result in high recurrence and deaths. We evaluated the safety and feasibility of focused ultrasound (FUS) neuromodulation ...

Subcortical brain structures such as the basal ganglia or the thalamus are involved in regulating motor and cognitive behavior. However, their contribution to perceptual consciousness is still unclear, due to the inherent difficulties of recording subcorti ...

Reinforcement feedback can improve motor learning, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain underexplored. In particular, the causal contribution of specific patterns of oscillatory activity within the human striatum is unknown. To address this question, ...

Episodic memory (EM) allows us to remember and relive past events and experiences and has been linked to cortical-hippocampal reinstatement of encoding activity. While EM is fundamental to establish a sense of self across time, this claim and its link to t ...

Microbiome metabolism underlies numerous vital ecosystem functions. Individual microbiome members often perform partial catabolism of substrates or do not express all of the metabolic functions required for growth. Microbiome members can complement each ot ...

Obesity represents a significant public health concern and is linked to various comorbidities and cognitive impairments. Previous research indicates that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with structural changes in white matter (WM). However, a ...

In humans and animals, surprise is a physiological reaction to an unexpected event, but how surprise can be linked to plausible models of neuronal activity is an open problem. We propose a self-supervised spiking neural network model where a surprise signa ...

Hyperactivity of the human anterior hippocampus has been reported to spread from its CA1 subfield to the subiculum around the onset of first-episode psychosis and could be a cellular target for early therapeutic intervention in the schizophrenia prodrome. ...

The decline of motor ability is a hallmark feature of aging and is accompanied by degeneration of motor synaptic terminals. Consistent with this, Drosophila motor synapses undergo characteristic age -dependent structural fragmentation co -incident with dim ...

Proprioception tells the brain the state of the body based on distributed sensors in the body. However, the principles that govern proprioceptive processing from those distributed sensors are poorly understood. Here, we employ a task-driven neural network ...

This article summarizes the recent advancements in the design, fabrication, and control of microrobotic devices for the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. With a focus on diverse actuation methods, we discuss how advancements in materials science ...

Over the course of a lifetime, the human brain acquires an astonishing amount of semantic knowledge and autobiographical memories, often with an imprinting strong enough to allow detailed information to be recalled many years after the initial learning exp ...

The recollection of sensory information and subjective experience related to a personal past event depends on our episodic memory (EM). At the neural level, EM retrieval is linked with the reinstatement of hippocampal activity thought to recollect the sens ...

Aversively-motivated associative learning allows animals to avoid harm and thus ensures survival. Aversive learning can be studied by the fear learning paradigm, in which an innocuous sensory stimulus like a tone (conditioned stimulus, CS), acquires a nega ...

We are constantly bombarded by sensory information and constantly making decisions on how to act. In order to optimally adapt behavior, we must judge which sequences of sensory inputs and actions lead to successful outcomes in specific circumstances. Neuro ...

All functions we use in our everyday life depend on a complex interplay between both cortical and subcortical brain areas, communicating in between each others. When a region is affected by either an accident, aging or neurodegenerative diseases, the whole ...

Information derived from experiences is incorporated into the brain as changes to ensembles of cells, termed engram cells, which allow memory storage and recall. The mechanism by which those changes hold specific information is unclear. Here, we test the h ...

A memory engram is thought to be the physical substrate of the memory trace within the brain, which is generally depicted as a neuronal ensemble activated by learning to fire together during encoding and retrieval. It has been postulated that engram cell e ...

Synaptic plasticity underlies our ability to learn and adapt to the constantly changing environment. The phenomenon of synapses changing their efficacy in an activity-dependent manner is often studied in small groups of neurons in vitro or indirectly throu ...

An important function of the brain is to interpret incoming sensory information from the outside world to guide adaptive behavior. Understanding how and where sensory information is transformed into motor commands in a context- and learning-dependent manne ...

Lactate release from astrocytes to neurons contributes to cocaine memory formation

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Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation: Exploring a Novel Treatment for Severe Opioid Use Disorder

Subcortical correlates of consciousness with human single neuron recordings

Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills

Embodiment in episodic memory through premotor-hippocampal coupling

A framework for understanding collective microbiome metabolism

White adipose tissue distribution and amount are associated with increased white matter connectivity

Fast adaptation to rule switching using neuronal surprise

Acute optogenetic induction of the prodromal endophenotype of CA1 hyperactivity causes schizophrenia-related deficits in cognition and salience attribution

Trio preserves motor synapses and prolongs motor ability during aging

Task-driven neural network models predict neural dynamics of proprioception: Neural network model weights

Small-scale robotic devices for medical interventions in the brain

A theory of memory consolidation and synaptic pruning in cortical circuits

Bodily self-consciousness as a framework to link sensory information and self-related components of episodic memory: behavioral, neuroimaging, and clinical evidence

Plasticity of sensory representations in the posterior insular cortex during fear learning

Striatal Dopamine Signals and Reward Learning

Noninvasive deep brain stimulation to modulate human behavior by means of transcranial temporal interference electrical stimulation

Engram cell connectivity as a mechanism for information encoding and memory function

Tissue clearing applications in memory engram research

Principles of Network Plasticity in Neocortical Microcircuits

Neuronal correlates of goal-directed sensorimotor transformation in sensory, motor and higher-order cortical areas