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The optical control of domain structures in ferroelectrics is of great interest. In the present work, we demonstrate the reliable creation of charged domain walls - conductive channels in otherwise insulating barium titanate - by a combined effect of light and electric field. We propose a scenario for the documented process, in which the bulk photovoltaic effect plays the key role, providing charge screening at the walls. Our scenario is supported by the results of phase-field simulations. The results are of interest for future reconfigurable electronic and opto-electronic devices.