Exploring policy change through agent-based simulation

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Machine learning and artificial intelligence methods have achieved remarkable success, matching and even surpassing human capabilities in various complex tasks. However, many demonstrations have generally neglected a critical part of the intelligence that ...

The Poisson cluster rainfall generation model has been underutilized in urban hydrological simulations due to challenges in reproducing fine-scale extreme precipitation. This study addresses this issue by comprehensively validating four variants of Poisson ...

Increasing environmental concerns drive interest in sustainable solutions across various fields. Vehicle sharing systems such as one-way station-based bike sharing systems (BSSs) offer one such solution in transportation, although they pose operational cha ...

As a data-driven approach, multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has made remarkable advances in solving cooperative residential load scheduling problems. However, centralized training, the most common paradigm for MARL, limits large-scale deployment i ...

We develop a model-free approach to optimally control stochastic, Markovian systems subject to a reach-avoid constraint. Specifically, the state trajectory must remain within a safe set while reaching a target set within a finite time horizon. Due to the t ...

This thesis focuses on understanding and improving the reasoning capabilities of neural networks. It develops theoretical results and empirical analyses to uncover reasoning potential and limitations, leveraging these insights to guide the design of improv ...

Enterprises collect data in large volumes and leverage them to drive numerous concurrent decisions and business processes. Their teams deploy multiple applications that often operate concurrently on the same data and infrastructure but have widely differen ...

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promising results for real-time control systems, including the domain of plasma magnetic control. However, there are still significant drawbacks compared to traditional feedback control approaches for magnetic confinem ...

In droplet microfluidic devices with suction-based flow control, the microchannel geometry and suction pressure at the outlet govern the dynamic properties of the two phases that influence the droplet generation. Therefore, it is critical to understand the ...

Low-level light detection with high spatial and timing accuracy is a growing area of interest by virtue of applications such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), biomedical imaging, time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, and quantum applications. Single-phot ...

The construction industry plays a major role in the high levels of greenhouse gas emissions, resource consumption, and waste generation observed nowadays. Key to the circular economy, structural component reuse arises as a promising solution to divert cons ...

Why have countries formerly leading public policies of housing – Norway, the U.K., France, etc. – shifted towards privatizing accommodation from the late 1970s? Have these States merely let go of housing and handed it over to private interests in the name ...

Anthropogenic modification of natural landscapes to urban environments impacts land-atmosphere interactions in the boundary layer. Ample research has demonstrated the effect of such landscape transitions on development of the urban heat island (UHI), but c ...

Computer simulations are often used as support material for science education, as they can engage students through inquiry-based learning, promote their active interaction in the experimentation phase, and help them visualize abstract concepts. For instanc ...

Beliefs inform the behaviour of forward-thinking agents in complex environments. Recently, sequential Bayesian inference has emerged as a mechanism to study belief formation among agents adapting to dynamical conditions. However, we lack critical theory to ...

Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFDs) have been widely adopted to model the traffic flow of large-scale urban networks. Coupling perimeter control and regional route guidance (PCRG) is a promising strategy to decrease congestion heterogeneity and reduce ...

A new statistical wake meandering (SWM) model is proposed that improves on existing models in the literature. Compared to the existing SWM models, the proposed model has a closed description that does not require simulations to create look-up tables while ...

Climate action to achieve the Paris Agreement should respect the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we use an integrated assessment modelling framework comprising nine climate policy models and quantify the impacts of decarbonisation pathw ...

In a collaboration between Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and CEA, in the fall of 2020, the experimental Programme d’Étude en Transmission de l’Acier Lourd et ses Eléments (PETALE) was successfully carried out in the CROCUS reactor of EPFL ...

Electron cloud continues to be one of the main limiting factors of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the biggest accelerator at CERN. These clouds form in the beam chamber when positively charged particles are passing through and cause unwanted effects in b ...

Exploring policy change through agent-based simulation

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