Irradiation-induced embrittlement of a 2.25Cr1Mo steel

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We have applied the sol-gel process to generate optical microstructures in glass using in-house developed sol-gel materials. The synthesis of our sol-gel glass materials is based on the formation of particles of controlled size from organo-metallic compounds. The overall shrinkage during annealing of the gel material is negligible and does not imply crack formation. Silica, titania and binary oxides of silica titania oxide sol-gel materials have been used. A two-step pattern transfer is employed to replicat

Uniaxial fragmentation tests were carried out in situ in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on 10-nm-thick silicon oxide coatings deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on poly(ethylene terephthalate). In order to prevent charging effects due to the isolating nature of the oxide surface, an additional conductive gold layer was sputtered onto the coating prior to its tensile loading in the SEM chamber. The gold layer was shown not to affect initiation of tensile failure of the oxide coating

A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study using weak-beam imaging has been addressed in order to assess the microstructure of NiAl (100) single-crystals subsequently to irradiation at room temperature with 700 keV nickel ions up to 10(15) cm(-2) or 1.5 dpa, namely, defect cluster formation and respective depth distribution. This work shows that the incoming ions undergo channeling along the [100] crystallographic direction and that the actual projected range is approximately 500 nm instead of the 250 n

The first part of this laboratory study deals with heterogeneous reactions of bromine- and chlorine-containing species relevant to the atmosphere with solid model alkali salt substrates. The second part of this work treats the heterogeneous interaction of acidic compounds with various mineral dust substrates. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of adsorbed water, H2O(a) and the influence of defect surface sites on the reactions. Furthermore, reaction mechanisms are proposed for the different in

Based on spectral interferometry and wavelength multiplexing, we demonstrate that a combination of these methods could lead to a 3D imaging system. This system has the advantage of a one-dimensional geometry transmission channel and a limited scanning need. This kind of imaging system could, of course, be of a great interest in small size endoscope with 3D imaging capability and a small channel cross-section (less than 1 mm). Theoretical analysis as well as experimental proof of principle is presented in th

Mechanical spectroscopy measurements were performed on two types of materials: decagonal quasicrystalline Al-Cu-Fe-Cr coatings deposited on a mild steel substrate and aluminium or magnesium matrix composites reinforced with icosahedral quasicrystalline Al-Cu-Fe particles. The internal friction spectra of the substrate with three different thicknesses of the coating indicate that the internal friction of such composites is mostly caused by the quasicrystalline coating and that the contributions of the steel

Relaxor Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3 (PSN) thin films without pyrochlore phase were processed from the modified alkoxide solution precursors. The preparation of single phase PSN thin films has a narrow processing window due to the appearance of an undesirable pyrochlore phase and volatility of PbO. Thin film processing has been improved through selection of precursor solutions, heat treatment and optimized deposition-condition are optimized. Especially, the effects of Pt substrates seeded with additional layers upper

Innovative structured catalysts based on nanoparticles of gold supported on activated carbon fibers (ACF) in the form of woven fabrics are presented for low-temperature CO oxidation. Gold was deposited by adsorption from aqueous solution of ethylenediamine complex [Au(en)2]Cl3 followed by reduction in hydrogen. The catalysts were studied under transient reaction conditions and characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDS). HRTEM-EDS show

The 10CrMoNbV Manet II cast has been selected as the reference ferritic-martensitic steel in the framework of the European Fusion Technology Programme. Charpy impact tests have been carried out in the ductile to brittle transition temperature range of this steel, such that a dynamic quasi-equilibrium has been achieved in the process zones of investigated specimens before brittle failure. This type of testing enables the evaluation of dynamic Weibull moduli and, consequently, dynamic Weibull master curves. T

Temper embrittlement of a 2.25Cr1Mo steel is evaluated by use of small punch testing with disc specimens. Clearly, a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of the steel may be determined by this test, but the value obtained is much lower than that determined by the standard Charpy test. The steel exhibits some temper embrittlement when tempered at 400 degrees C for 86 days. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

The differences and similarities of behaviour between fee and bcc metals after irradiation have been investigated. For this purpose, fee Cu, Pd and 304 stainless steel and bcc Fe, Mo and Mo-5% Re were irradiated with either neutrons or 590 MeV protons at temperatures below recovery stage V. It is shown that a dense population of defect clusters (up to 10(22)-10(24) m(-3)) develops, the type of cluster formed depending apparently on the stacking fault energy. In the case of stacking fault tetrahedra formed i

Segregation of P and Mo to prior austenite grain boundaries in a 2.25Cr1Mo steel subjected to neutron irradiation and ageing is examined using field emission gull scanning transmission electron microscopy (FEGSTEM) with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The steel samples are irradiated and aged at around 270 and 400 degrees C, respectively. The irradiation dose rate and dose are about 1.05 x 10(-8) dpa s(-1) and 0.032 dpa for 370 degrees C-irradiation, and 1.75 x 10(-8) dpa s(-1) and 0.13 dpa for 400 d

Irradiation-induced embrittlement of a 2.25Cr1Mo steel

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The sol-gel process for realisation of optical micro-structures in glass

Mechanical analysis of ultrathin oxide coatings on polymer substrates in-situ in a scanning electron microscope

Channeling effects in heavy-ion irradiated NiAl(100) single-crystals: a TEM assessment in cross-section geometry using weak-beam imaging

Heterogeneous reactions of tropospheric trace-gases on solid model aerosol surface : a laboratory study

Multiplexed 3D imaging using wavelength encoded spectral interferometry: a proof of principle

Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline coatings and composites studied by mechanical spectroscopy

Sol-gel derived Pb(Sc0.5Nb0.5)O-3 thin films: Processing and dielctric properties

Structured Au/FeOx/C catalysts for low temperature CO oxidation

Geometry dependent ductile to brittle transition of 10CrMoNbV ferritic-martensitic steel Manet II in terms of critical crack sizes

Temper embrittlement of a CrMo low-alloy steel evaluated by means of small punch testing

The microstructure and associated tensile properties of irradiated fcc and bcc metals

Grain boundary phosphorus and molybdenum segregation under irradiation and thermal conditions in a 2.25CrlMo steel