Publication

Quantifying microbial risks of field-scale struvite production from source-separated urine using first-person videography exposure assessment

2016
Posters

Abstract

This paper quantifies occupational exposures to pathogens in urine during urine collection and processing into fertilizer as well as attendant risks of infection from indirect pathogen exposure. We also detail the microlevel activity time series (MLATS) method, which was used to model disease risks and monitor hygiene. This method employs videography in exposure assessment and is broadly useful for high-resolution modeling of indirect exposures to pathogens.

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2016
Posters

Abstract

Official source

Related concepts (24)

Urine diversion

Urine diversion, also called urine separation or source separation, refers to the separate collection of human urine and feces at the point of their production, i.e. at the toilet or urinal. Separation of urine from feces allows human waste to be treated separately and used as a potential resource. Applications are typically found where connection to a sewer-based sanitation system is not available or areas where water supplies are limited.

Urine-diverting dry toilet

A urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT) is a type of dry toilet with urine diversion that can be used to provide safe, affordable sanitation in a variety of contexts worldwide. The separate collection of feces and urine without any flush water has many advantages, such as odor-free operation and pathogen reduction by drying. While dried feces and urine harvested from UDDTs can be and routinely are used in agriculture (respectively, as a soil amendment and nutrient-rich fertilizer—this practice being known as reuse of excreta in agriculture), many UDDT installations do not apply any sort of recovery scheme.

Reuse of human excreta

Reuse of human excreta is the safe, beneficial use of treated human excreta after applying suitable treatment steps and risk management approaches that are customized for the intended reuse application. Beneficial uses of the treated excreta may focus on using the plant-available nutrients (mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) that are contained in the treated excreta. They may also make use of the organic matter and energy contained in the excreta.