Publication

Measuring evaporation rates of metal compounds from solid samples

Christian Ludwig
2007
Journal Articles

Abstract

A thermogravimeter (TGA, Mettler-Toledo TGA/SDTA851(e)) was connected to an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, Varian Liberty 110) using a condensation interface (CI), which transforms gaseous high-boiling-temperature substances into solid (or liquid) aerosols. Argon was used as the carrier gas to transfer the aerosols into the ICP-OES for on-line elemental analysis. This new analytical TGA-CI-ICP-OES device, called TGA-ICP, is the first of its kind and allows one to study the thermochemically induced evaporation behavior of high-boiling-temperature substances, such as heavy metal compounds, under different thermochemical conditions. It allows the investigation of the behavior of large solid or liquid samples (100-500 mg), which is important for applying the results to industrial processes. So far, the CI principle has allowed only semiquantitative elemental analyses of hot gases when connected to an ICP-OES. In this work, we show that a direct calibration of the CI-ICP-OES device is possible in combination with a TGA. The intensities determined by ICP-OES could be directly related to gravimetrically determined evaporation rates of volatile model compounds. The results show model evaporation experiments with native CdCl2 and CdCl2 resulting from the reaction of CaCl2 with CdO. Cadmium was studied because it is a volatile toxic heavy metal and its thermal behavior is relevant in various waste-treatment and recycling processes.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/3d108441-02c7-430b-92f5-f4812d3f57f8

About this result

This page is automatically generated and may contain information that is not correct, complete, up-to-date, or relevant to your search query. The same applies to every other page on this website. Please make sure to verify the information with EPFL's official sources.

Christian Ludwig
2007
Journal Articles

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/3d108441-02c7-430b-92f5-f4812d3f57f8

About this result

Related concepts (32)

Amorphous solid

In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal. The terms "glass" and "glassy solid" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these terms refer specifically to amorphous materials that undergo a glass transition. Examples of amorphous solids include glasses, metallic glasses, and certain types of plastics and polymers. The term comes from the Greek a ("without"), and morphé ("shape, form").

Pyrolysis

The pyrolysis (or devolatilization) process is the thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures, often in an inert atmosphere. Temperature can be understood as thermal vibration. At high temperatures, excessive vibration causes long chain molecules to break into smaller molecules. The word is coined from the Greek-derived elements pyro "fire", "heat", "fever" and lysis "separating". Pyrolysis is most commonly used in the treatment of organic materials. It is one of the processes involved in charring wood.

Liquid

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure. It is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. The density of a liquid is usually close to that of a solid, and much higher than that of a gas. Therefore, liquid and solid are both termed condensed matter.

Related publications (29)

Organic matters, but inorganic matters too: column examination of elevated mercury sorption on low organic matter aquifer material using concentrations and stable isotope ratios

Lorenz Schwab

Sorption of mercury (Hg) in soils is suggested to be predominantly associated with organic matter (OM). However, there is a growing collection of research that suggests that clay minerals and oxides are also important solid phases for the sorption of solu ...

2024

Frustrated magnets in the limit of infinite dimensions: Dynamics and disorder-free glass transition

Achille Mauri

We study the statistical mechanics and the equilibrium dynamics of a system of classical Heisenberg spins with frustrated interactions on a d -dimensional simple hypercubic lattice, in the limit of infinite dimensionality d -> infinity . In the analysis we ...

Amer Physical Soc2024

Tandem catalysis enables chlorine-containing waste as chlorination reagents

Paul Joseph Dyson, Mingyang Liu, Xinbang Wu

Chlorinated compounds are ubiquitous. However, accumulation of chlorine-containing waste has a negative impact on human health and the environment due to the inapplicability of common disposal methods, such as landfill and incineration. Here we report a su ...

Nature Portfolio2024